超重核探索：理论视角
The Quest for Superheavy Nuclei: A Theoretical Perspective
AI总结：
该综述从理论视角总结超重核合成与衰变的研究进展，重点介绍时间依赖密度泛函理论及其混合方法，并展望未来实现完全预测性描述的发展方向。
AI中文摘要：
超重核（SHN）的合成处于核物理前沿，使研究人员能够探索核稳定性的极限以及壳效应的影响。本综述总结了理解超重核形成与衰变方面的近期理论进展，重点强调时间依赖密度泛函理论（TDDFT）及其扩展作为描述重离子动力学的微观工具。讨论了将TDDFT与耦合道、朗之万和统计模型相结合的混合方法，以此作为连接微观预测与实验观测的手段。从耗散、壳结构和形变效应的角度，考察了融合阻碍、准裂变和多核子转移的作用。计算能力的近期进展使得包含配对和涨落动力学的三维时间依赖平均场（及超越平均场）模拟成为可能。对未来朝向完全预测性描述超重元素合成及探索核景观上限的发展前景进行了展望。
英文摘要：
The synthesis of superheavy nuclei (SHNs) lies at the forefront of nuclear physics, enabling researchers to probe the limits of nuclear stability and the influence of shell effects. This review summarizes recent theoretical advances in understanding SHN formation and decay, emphasizing time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and its extensions as microscopic tools to describe heavy-ion dynamics. Hybrid approaches combining TDDFT with coupled-channels, Langevin, and statistical models are discussed as means to connect microscopic predictions with experimental observables. The roles of fusion hindrance, quasi-fission, and multinucleon transfer are examined in terms of dissipation, shell structure, and deformation effects. Recent progress in computational power has enabled three-dimensional time-dependent mean-field (and beyond) simulations that include pairing and fluctuation dynamics. Perspectives are given on future developments toward a fully predictive description of superheavy element synthesis and the exploration of the upper limits of the nuclear landscape.
