发表机构
Universidad de Chile（智利大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过分析TESS、LSST等巡天对星际天体的预期探测，利用尺寸频率分布模型，发现行星形成早期产生更多类小行星天体，并预测LSST将显著提升对星际天体SF斜率的约束。
AI 中文摘要
星际天体（ISOs）可能提供来自早期太阳系抛出的星子的直接证据。研究这些天体并预测它们通过各类巡天被探测到的情况，对于增进我们对行星形成的理解至关重要。我们展示了星际天体的尺寸频率分布（SFD），即f_D~D^-q，如何控制当前和未来巡天中的预期探测数量。我们重点关注TESS和Vera Rubin天文台的LSST，同时分析Pan-STARRS和ATLAS。对于浅的SFD（q<2.5），TESS预计将探测到约1个星际天体。另一方面，LSST在其运行期间可能每年探测到约0.2至100个星际天体。对于q<3的族群，ATLAS可能探测到一个非彗星天体。我们进一步估计，在10年内，LSST对类似3I/ATLAS的彗星天体将有约0至8次探测，而TESS在其任务期间将探测到约1个彗星天体，这与核的尺寸分布无关。通过考虑来自同一SFD的1I/'Oumuamua和3I/ATLAS，我们的结果表明，在行星形成的早期阶段，产生的类小行星天体多于彗星。LSST即将对星际天体进行的探测将有助于更好地约束类小行星和彗星星际天体的SFD斜率，并且在适用的情况下，区分它们。
英文摘要
Interstellar Objects (ISOs) may provide direct evidence of planetesimals ejected from early-stage solar systems. Studying these objects and predicting their detection through various surveys is vital for enhancing our understanding of planetary formation. We show how ISO size distribution (SFD), f_D~D^-q, controls expected detections in current and future surveys. We focus on TESS and the Vera Rubin Observatory LSST while analyzing Pan-STARRS and ATLAS. TESS is expected to detect ~1 ISO from shallow SFDs (q<2.5). On the other hand, LSST is likely to detect ~0.2-100 ISO yr^-1 over its lifetime. ATLAS is likely to detect one non-cometary object for populations with q<3. We further estimate ~0-8 detections of cometary like-3I/ATLAS objects by LSST in 10 years and ~1 cometary object detected by TESS over its mission time, independent of the nucleus size distribution. By considering both 1I/'Oumuamua and 3I/ATLAS from the same SFD, our results suggest that more asteroid-like objects are produced rather than comets during the early stages of planetary formation. Imminent detections of ISOs by LSST will help constrain the slopes of the SFDs for asteroid-like and cometary ISOs better, and, if applicable, differentiate between them.
Comments8 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to A&A
