发表机构
São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo（圣卡洛斯物理研究所，圣保罗大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过推广Bondi-Sachs形式体系到过去光锥，建立了一般时空中的准局域热力学框架，证明了霍金辐射的发射，并构建了包含时空动力学的公理化热力学体系。
AI 中文摘要
受黑洞热力学及其他表明广义相对论与热力学存在内在联系的结果启发，本工作旨在建立一般时空中的准局域热力学形式体系。为此，我们将Bondi-Sachs形式体系推广到与任意世界线相关联的过去光锥。基于这一推广，我们通过几个例子展示了准局域背景下霍金辐射的发射，表明它可能在温和条件下发生。此外，我们论证了典型引力系统中满足“不可逆不等式”，表明可以建立类似第二定律的类比。结合由Landau-Lifshitz赝张量导出的内能定义，这些结果被用于构建一个公理化框架，该框架推广了经典热力学以包含时空动力学。因此，可以从热力学变量定义静止质量密度，将其与组分数的动力学解耦。
英文摘要
Inspired by black hole thermodynamics and other results suggesting that general relativity has some intrinsic connection with thermodynamics, this work aims to establish a quasi-local thermodynamic formalism in general spacetimes. With this purpose, we generalize the Bondi-Sachs formalism to past light cones associated with an arbitrary worldline. From this generalization, we demonstrate the emission of Hawking radiation in a quasi-local context through a few examples, suggesting that it may occur under mild conditions. In addition, we argue that an "irreversible inequality" is satisfied in typical gravitational systems, indicating that an analogue of the second law may be established. Together with a definition of internal energy derived from the Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensor, these results are used to construct a postulational framework that generalizes classical thermodynamics in order to include the dynamics of spacetime. As a consequence, it is possible to define the rest-mass density from thermodynamic variables, decoupling it from the dynamics of constituent numbers.
Comments107 pages, 17 figures, based on the author's doctoral thesis in preparation
