未测量且永久不可达路径标记的互补性检验
Complementarity Test with Unmeasured, Permanently Inaccessible Path Markers
- University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究通过量子擦除器将路径信息编码与测量分离，发射闲置光子至不可达轨迹，解决互补性检验中的坍缩定域性漏洞，实验表明干涉无显著变化，支持标准量子理论。
AI中文摘要：
在以往的互补性检验中，路径标记被测量且保持因果可达，这留下了坍缩定域性漏洞。我们利用一个量子擦除器来解决这一漏洞，该擦除器将路径信息在联合量子态中的编码与其后续测量及因果可达性分离开来。我们将闲置光子——干涉仪中纠缠信号光子的唯一路径标记——发射到向外传播的类空轨迹上，同时联合态保持两个干涉仪路径备选方案的相干叠加。我们的平坦ΛCDM传输模型预测，73-82%的发射闲置光子将永远传播而不被吸收、散射或形成环境路径记录。对于这些模型中的幸存者，每个路径标记保持永久未测量状态，且沿其向外轨迹的传播排除了后续与其干涉记录发生因果接触的可能。无条件信号探测显示，发射引起的干涉变化在统计上不显著，这与标准量子理论的预测一致。以模型中的幸存者为归一化基准，任何发射引起的条纹的95%置信上限为完全恢复的0.16。
英文摘要：
In prior complementarity tests, path markers were measured and remained causally accessible, leaving the collapse-locality loophole open. We address this loophole using a quantum eraser that isolates the encoding of path information in the joint quantum state from its later measurement and causal accessibility. We launch idler photons -- the sole path markers for entangled signal photons in an interferometer -- on outgoing null trajectories while the joint state remains in a coherent superposition of both interferometer path alternatives. Our flat $Λ$CDM transmission model predicts that 73-82% of launched idlers will propagate forever without absorption, scattering, or environmental path-record formation. For these modeled survivors, each path marker remains perpetually unmeasured, and propagation along its outgoing trajectory precludes later causal contact with its interferometric record. Unconditioned signal detections show no statistically significant launch-induced change in interference, as standard quantum theory predicts. Normalized to the modeled survivors, the 95% confidence upper bound on any launch-induced fringe is 0.16 of full restoration.
