儿童如何设计并推理可信赖的AI聊天机器人
How Children Design and Reason about Trustworthy AI Chatbots
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- North Carolina State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学）
- University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）
- Kennesaw State University（肯尼索州立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究通过115名8-18岁儿童构建119个聊天机器人的混合方法实验，发现年龄影响信任校准策略，并提炼出儿童眼中可信赖聊天机器人的七个设计维度，为AI素养工具提供启示。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
儿童日益频繁地与AI聊天机器人互动，这使得信任校准成为AI素养的关键。以往研究主要将儿童对AI的信任视为用户评估他人构建的系统，而非作为自己聊天机器人的设计者。我们开发了一个聊天机器人构建环境，其中包含可调节的信任相关特征（如自信度、透明度、正式性、果断性）、规则和角色设定。我们开展了一项混合方法研究，涉及115名学习者（年龄8-18岁），他们共制作了119个聊天机器人。我们考察了儿童如何配置其聊天机器人、如何推理可信赖性，以及聊天机器人行为与其设计之间的吻合程度。较年幼的学生（10-13岁）设定的自信度显著高于较年长的学生（14-18岁），且一些学生故意构建给出错误答案的聊天机器人，却仍称其可信赖，理由是聊天机器人完成了其被构建的使命。较年幼的学生将信任等同于实现目的，而较年长的学生则将信任与透明、校准良好的设计联系起来。学生还将学术聊天机器人校准为比爱好聊天机器人更透明、更正式。我们识别出七个设计维度，描述儿童认为什么使聊天机器人可信赖，并讨论了对AI素养工具的影响。
英文摘要
Children increasingly interact with AI chatbots, making trust calibration essential to AI literacy. Prior research has examined children's trust in AI mainly as users evaluating systems built by others, rather than as designers of their own chatbots. We developed a chatbot-building environment with adjustable trust-relevant traits (e.g., confidence, transparency, formality, assertiveness), rules, and persona. We conducted mixed-methods study with 115 learners (ages 8-18) who made 119 chatbots. We examined how children configured their chatbots, reasoned about trustworthiness, and how closely chatbot behavior aligned with their designs. Younger students (age 10-13) set significantly higher confidence than older students (age 14-18), and some deliberately built chatbots that gave wrong answers on purpose, yet still called them trustworthy, arguing that a chatbot does what it was built to do. Younger students equated trust with purpose-fulfillment, while older students linked it to transparent, calibrated design. Students also calibrated academic chatbots to be more transparent and formal than hobby chatbots. We identify seven design dimensions describing what children believe makes a chatbot trustworthy, and discuss implications for AI literacy tools.
