发表机构
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela（罗克勒拉国家技术学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究通过求解相对论Cowling问题，发现夸克物质使中子星g模频率显著降低并反转其随质量增加的趋势，揭示了成分对振荡模式的独特影响。
AI 中文摘要
引力（$g$）模是唯一能反映致密物质成分而非刚度的中子星振荡模式，对混合星的研究已确立一阶夸克相变会提高其频率。夸克物质则相反。夸克-核子化学平衡由强相互作用维持，因此夸克在振荡周期内不获得热力学自由度，$c_s^2-c_e^2$ 简化为仅由轻子梯度构成的正定二次型。核子动量壳层使两种声速同时变硬而非分离，因此浮力因子在早期相变处缩小9.5至19倍，核心仅留下弱分层。求解十个状态方程的 $l=2$ 相对论Cowling问题，这些方程共享一个同位旋标量扇区、七个夸克物质和三个核子控制参数，且对称能斜率匹配，我们发现 $g$ 模被限制在核心外的核子壳层中，其水平流动被排除在核心之外，而核心几乎刚性位移。其频率从控制参数的158-522 Hz降至夸克物质模型的81-254 Hz，在 $L=50\mev$ 的匹配对中，1.4$M_\odot$ 处下降14%；比频移更重要的是，它在控制参数随质量增加时反而随质量减小。将每个频率写成动力学频率 $(GM/R^3)^{1/2}$ 乘以无量纲余项，可将结构与成分分离。$f$ 和 $p_1$ 的趋势被证明继承自质量-半径关系；$g_1$ 余项沿核子序列恒定在2-9%内，沿夸克物质序列下降四分之一至三分之一，并在固定致密度和 $L/K_0$ 下偏离核子 $g$ 模关系达两倍。这些是Cowling值，是10%水平的下限，趋势的符号在该量级的修正下仍然成立。
英文摘要
Gravity (g) modes are the only neutron-star oscillations that report on the composition of dense matter rather than on its stiffness, and work on hybrid stars has established that a first-order quark transition raises their frequency. Quarkyonic matter does the opposite. Quark-nucleon chemical equilibrium is maintained by the strong interaction, so the quarks acquire no thermodynamic freedom on an oscillation period and $c_s^2-c_e^2$ reduces to a positive-definite quadratic form in the lepton gradients alone. The nucleon momentum shell stiffens both sound speeds together instead of separating them, so the buoyancy factor collapses by a factor of 9.5 to 19 at an early transition and the core is left only weakly stratified. Solving the $l=2$ relativistic Cowling problem for ten equations of state that share one isoscalar sector, seven quarkyonic and three nucleonic controls at matched symmetry-energy slope, we found the g-mode confined to the nucleonic shell outside the core, with the horizontal flow that it lives on excluded from the core while the core is displaced almost rigidly. Its frequency falls from 158-522 Hz across the controls to $81-254$~Hz across the quarkyonic models, and by 14\% at 1.4$M_\odot$ for the matched pair at $L=50\mev$; more important than the shift, it decreases with mass where the controls rise. Writing each frequency as the dynamical frequency $(GM/R^3)^{1/2}$ times a dimensionless remainder separates structure from composition. The $f$ and $p_1$ trends prove to be inherited from the mass--radius relation; the $g_1$ remainder, constant to $2-9\%$ along a nucleonic sequence, falls by a quarter to a third along a quarkyonic one and departs by a factor of two from the nucleonic $g$-mode relation at fixed compactness and $L/K_0$. These are Cowling values, lower bounds at the ten-per-cent level, and the sign of the trend survives a correction of that size.
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