发表机构
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究探讨暗能量主导宇宙中非奇异旋转黑洞的阴影观测特征，发现阴影面积和垂直直径对跑动宇宙学项敏感，联合多观测可约束正则化尺度并区分Kerr解。
AI 中文摘要
最近的DESI重子声学振荡测量，结合宇宙微波背景和Ia型超新星数据，表明暗能量可能随宇宙时间演化。沿宇宙学背景，演化的暗能量密度可局部表示为单调曲率不变量的函数，这激发了有效的曲率依赖宇宙学项。此外，弯曲时空中的量子场论以及具有跑动引力耦合的量子引力方法，为探索此类项提供了补充动机。在此，我们研究嵌入暗能量主导宇宙中的非奇异旋转黑洞的唯象学如何与Kerr和Kerr--de Sitter几何显著不同。该问题直接在相空间中利用零测地线超哈密顿量和Mino型参数进行表述。通过从零角动量观测者进行反向光线追踪计算黑洞的阴影。我们定义并分析了一套全面的标准阴影观测量，表征阴影的大小、形状和位移。我们表明，阴影的面积及其垂直直径提供了跑动宇宙学项的特别清晰的信号。这样，对多个强场观测量以及多个具有不同质量和自旋的黑洞的联合分析，可以为严格约束或潜在测量宇宙学项跑动背后的有效正则化尺度，并在统计上区分非奇异黑洞几何与Kerr/Kerr-dS解提供现实途径。
英文摘要
Recent DESI baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, combined with cosmic microwave background and type-Ia supernova data, suggest that dark energy may evolve with cosmic time. Along a cosmological background, an evolving dark-energy density can be expressed locally as a function of a monotonic curvature invariant, motivating an effective curvature-dependent cosmological term. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime and approaches to quantum gravity with running gravitational couplings provide complementary motivations for exploring such a term. Here we study how the phenomenology of nonsingular rotating black holes embedded in a Universe dominated by dark energy can differ substantially from that of the Kerr and Kerr--de Sitter geometries. The problem is directly formulated in phase space using a null geodesic super-Hamiltonian and a Mino-type parameter. The shadows of the black holes are calculated by backward ray tracing from a zero-angular-momentum observer. We define and analyze a comprehensive set of standard shadow observables, characterizing the size, shape, and displacement of the shadow. We show that the area of the shadow and its vertical diameter provide particularly clear signatures of a running cosmological term. In this way, joint analyses of multiple strong-field observables and of several black holes with different masses and spins could provide a realistic route to tightly constraining, or potentially measuring, the effective regularization scale behind the running of the cosmological term and statistically distinguishing the non-singular black hole geometry from Kerr/Kerr-dS solutions.
Comments24 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
