发表机构
University of Cyprus（塞浦路斯大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究探讨中子星内暗物质坍缩形成的黑洞经霍金蒸发产生长寿命粒子逃逸并衰变，通过能量-角分布特征为高能中微子和伽马射线观测提供新探针。
AI 中文摘要
微观黑洞可能通过暗物质的积累和坍缩在中子星中心形成。虽然霍金蒸发产生的标准模型粒子会被致密的恒星介质有效吸收，但足够弱相互作用且长寿命的粒子可以逃逸并随后衰变为高能中微子、光子或带电粒子，从而为霍金辐射提供间接探针。我们研究了这些次级粒子的联合能量-角分布，纳入了中介子传播、能量依赖衰变和相对论衰变运动学。对于相对论性中介子，归一化的能量积分角分布近似独立于黑洞温度，其特征范围主要由中介子寿命与源距离的组合$c\ au_S/D$控制，因为衰变长度的洛伦兹增强被相对论聚束效应所补偿。我们证明了该机制的可行性，并用引力耦合标量、暗光子、暗$Z$玻色子和重中性轻子展示了其现象学。与暗物质湮灭产生的单色中介子相比，我们发现能量积分角分布可能近乎简并，而能谱和能量分辨角分布仍然不同。这些互补的光谱和角特征为高能中微子和伽马射线搜索提供了目标。
英文摘要
Microscopic black holes may form at the centers of neutron stars through the accumulation and collapse of dark matter. While Standard Model particles produced by Hawking evaporation are efficiently absorbed by the dense stellar medium, sufficiently weakly interacting and long-lived particles can escape and subsequently decay into high-energy neutrinos, photons, or charged particles, providing an indirect probe of Hawking radiation. We examine the joint energy--angular distribution of these secondary particles, incorporating mediator propagation, energy-dependent decay, and relativistic decay kinematics. For relativistic mediators, the normalized energy-integrated angular profile becomes approximately independent of the black hole temperature, with its characteristic extent controlled primarily by the combination $cτ_S/D$ of the mediator lifetime and source distance, as the boost enhancement of the decay length is compensated by relativistic beaming. We demonstrate the viability of this mechanism and illustrate its phenomenology with gravitationally coupled scalars, dark photons, dark-$Z$ bosons, and heavy neutral leptons. Comparing with monochromatic mediator production from dark matter annihilation, we find that the energy-integrated angular profiles can be nearly degenerate, while the energy spectra and energy-resolved angular distributions remain distinct. These complementary spectral and angular signatures provide targets for high-energy neutrino and gamma-ray searches.
Comments26 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
