发表机构
Université Paris Cité; Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎西岱大学; 巴黎萨克雷大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过引入使用因子指标，量化了美国公路车辆中发动机过度配置和车队冗余导致的物质固定化，并指出避免功率过大车辆可减少物质需求，对能源转型政策具有启示意义。
AI 中文摘要
物质和能量流动支撑着社会技术代谢。然而，尽管对不断扩大的物质存量及存量生产率下降的可持续性担忧日益加剧，物质使用与能源消耗之间的联系仍鲜为人知。这一差距反映出对结构及其所支持的活动之间区别的有限认识，以及对耗能结构装机功率量化的缺乏。在此，我们重建了美国公路车辆的长期增长动态，区分了专业资产和消费资产。我们表明，装机功率、质量和燃料能源使用在车辆类别内部及类别之间呈现出不同的模式。通过引入使用因子作为连接结构与活动的指标，我们量化了诸如发动机过度配置和车队冗余等脱钩机制，这些机制加剧了物质固定化。由于电气化需要大规模的车队更换，我们的研究结果强调，避免功率过大的车辆可以减少物质需求，并强调了在能源转型政策中考虑结构-活动脱钩的必要性。
英文摘要
Material and energy flows underpin sociotechnical metabolism. However, despite growing sustainability concerns over expanding material stocks and declining stock productivity, the link between material use and energy consumption remains poorly understood. This gap reflects a limited distinction between structures and the activity they enable, and the lack of quantification of the installed power of energy consuming structures. Here we reconstruct the long-term growth dynamics of U.S. road vehicles, distinguishing professional and consumer assets. We show that installed power, mass, and fuel energy use follow divergent patterns within and across vehicle categories. By introducing the usage factor as a metric linking structure to activity, we quantify decoupling mechanisms such as engine oversizing and fleet redundancy, which drive up material immobilization. As electrification requires large-scale fleet replacement, our findings highlight that avoiding power oversized vehicles could reduce material demand, emphasizing the need to account for structure-activity decoupling in energy transition policies.
