谐振器对风力机翼型涡激振动的影响

中文摘要 AI 辅助

涡激振动（VIV）这一气动弹性不稳定性源于钝体脱落与结构动力学的耦合，并可能对多个工业领域产生不利影响。本研究探索使用局域共振超材料（LRM）作为风力机叶片涡激振动的缓解策略。该问题被简化为经典的在弹性支撑下进行横向振动的翼型。随后，针对主系统建立并验证了流固耦合模型。这是通过使用具有任意拉格朗日-欧拉功能及内置刚体运动求解器的开源有限体积代码实现的。接着，通过定制开发将单个谐振器的动力学耦合到主系统中，扩展了代码的功能。针对不同设计评估了谐振器的性能，这些设计主要通过谐振器频率及其相对于翼型的质量比进行参数化。结果分析确定了一个频率带，在该频带内谐振器有效影响了振动幅度。然而，在考虑实际的相对谐振器质量时，振幅衰减非常低。特别是，实现50%的振幅减小需要大于0.25的质量比。研究机理揭示了这些有益效应的原因，其依赖于谐振器引入的气动弹性频率分叉。这些基本发现为未来应用替代技术抑制涡激振动打开了大门。

英文摘要

The aeroelastic instability known as vortex induced vibrations (VIV) has its origin in the coupling of bluff body shedding and the structure dynamics, and can have adverse effects on several industrial fields. In this work the use of locally resonant metamaterials (LRM) is explored as a wind turbine blade VIV mitigation strategy. The problem is cast into a classical airfoil in transverse oscillation, elastically mounted. A fluid structure interaction model is then generated and validated for the main system. This is achieved using an open source finite volume code with arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian capabilities and a built-in rigid body motion solver. Subsequently, the capabilities of the code are extended by coupling the dynamics of a single resonator into the main system through a tailored development. The performance of the resonator was evaluated for different designs, which were parameterized mainly by the resonator frequency and its relative mass with respect to the airfoil. Analysis of the results identified a frequency band where the resonator effectively influenced vibration amplitudes. However, the amplitude attenuation was very low when considering realistic relative resonator masses. In particular, achieving a 50\% amplitude reduction required a mass ratio larger than 0.25. Studying the mechanisms uncovered the cause of these beneficial effects, which relied on the aeroelastic frequency bifurcation introduced by the resonator. These fundamental findings open the door to future applications of alternative technologies for VIV suppression.

发表机构

• Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech (UPC)（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）
• International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE)（国际工程数值方法中心）

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