发表机构
Macquarie University; Friedrich-Alexander Universität of Erlangen-Nuremberg（麦考瑞大学; 埃尔朗根-纽伦堡弗里德里希·亚历山大大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究通过局域耗散冷却制备量子系统全局零激发态，提出图论判据（零强制集）保证唯一吸引稳态，并在海森堡链中验证高效冷却。
AI 中文摘要
在量子模拟和量子信息处理中，将相互作用的量子系统制备到低能态或基态是一项基本任务。在实际场景中，耗散和主动冷却通常只能作用于系统的有限子集。我们研究了由GKLS主方程描述的激发数守恒量子系统的耗散动力学，其中局域跳跃算符作用于量子比特的一个子集。我们建立了充分条件，使得这种局域耗散能将整个系统驱动到唯一的全局吸引零激发态。特别地，我们证明：如果哈密顿量产生的激发转移由图描述，且耗散子系统构成该图的零强制集，则零激发态是唯一的全局吸引稳态。当该态与哈密顿量的基态重合时，同一机制实现基态冷却。我们的结果为从局域耗散实现全局态制备提供了图论判据，并用最近邻海森堡自旋链加以说明。对于该模型，约化到单激发扇区进一步给出了随链长变化的标度估计，表明冷却效率较高。
英文摘要
Preparing interacting quantum systems in low-energy or ground states is a fundamental task in quantum simulation and quantum information processing. In realistic settings, dissipation and active cooling can typically be engineered only on a limited subset of the system. We study the dissipative dynamics of excitation-number conserving quantum systems governed by a GKLS master equation with local jump operators acting on a subset of qubits. We establish sufficient conditions under which such localized dissipation drives the full system to a unique globally attractive zero-excitation state. In particular, we prove that if the Hamiltonian generates excitation transfer described by a graph for which the dissipative subsystem forms a zero forcing set, then the zero-excitation state is the unique globally attractive stationary state. When this state coincides with a ground state of the Hamiltonian, the same mechanism realizes ground-state cooling. Our results provide a graph-theoretic criterion for global state preparation from localized dissipation, which we illustrate using a nearest-neighbor Heisenberg spin chain. For this model, a reduction to the single-excitation sector further yields a scaling estimate with the length of the chain which indicates efficient cooling.
Comments12 pages, 3 figures
