发表机构
School of Statistics, University of Minnesota; Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science School of Public Health, University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学统计学院; 明尼苏达大学公共卫生学院生物统计学与健康数据科学系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出代理调整平衡掩蔽（PABM）非参数框架，从目标干预和代理数据中恢复有向无环图，通过比较条件分布识别因果父节点，并建立识别与有限样本恢复条件，模拟与真实数据验证有效。
AI 中文摘要
随机扰动可以揭示下游反应，而无需识别哪些因果关系是直接的。即使源是随机的，对中间反应进行条件化也可能通过未测量的共同原因引发关联。我们提出了代理调整平衡掩蔽（PABM），这是一个非参数框架，用于从目标干预、反应数据和记录的代理中恢复有向无环图。PABM使用有效的目标特异性干预来识别候选祖先。然后，它比较有和没有候选反应时的条件目标分布，并在设计支持时，比较其干预变量的条件目标分布，同时调整其他祖先和代理。每次比较都使用匹配的观测、调整变量和拟合程序。识别要求每个包含的非父比较具有零条件增益，并且每个父在至少一次比较中具有正增益。我们建立了总体识别、有限样本恢复条件（这些条件适应不完整的调整和估计误差），以及在有效的保留p值下的族系错误控制。连续反应模拟显示，相对于指定的比较器管道，图恢复效果更好；K562校准的计数模拟揭示了选择-排序权衡。代理消融评估对记录信息的敏感性。对K562 Perturb-seq数据的分析说明了描述性候选网络的构建；代理对未测量的生物变异的充分性仍未解决。
英文摘要
Randomized perturbations can reveal downstream responses without identifying which causal relationships are direct. Conditioning on intermediate responses may induce associations through unmeasured common causes, even when the source is randomized. We introduce Proxy-Adjusted Balanced Masking (PABM), a nonparametric framework for recovering directed acyclic graphs from targeted interventions, response data, and recorded proxies. PABM uses valid target-specific interventions to identify candidate ancestors. It then compares conditional target distributions with and without a candidate response and, when supported by the design, its intervention variable, adjusting for other ancestors and proxies. Each comparison uses matched observations, adjustment variables, and fitting procedures. Identification requires every included nonparent comparison to have zero conditional gain and each parent to have positive gain in at least one comparison. We establish population identification, finite-sample recovery conditions that accommodate incomplete adjustment and estimation error, and familywise error control under valid held-out p-values. Continuous-response simulations show favorable graph recovery relative to specified comparator pipelines; K562-calibrated count simulations reveal a selection--ranking tradeoff. Proxy ablations assess sensitivity to recorded information. An analysis of K562 Perturb-seq data illustrates descriptive candidate-network construction; proxy adequacy for unmeasured biological variation remains unresolved.
