妊娠期时间-事件分析中的时间尺度
Timescales in Time-to-Event Analyses in Pregnancy
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文通过目标试验框架,阐明妊娠期时间-事件分析中“孕龄”与“自入组时间”两种时间尺度对应不同因果估计量,并讨论各自估计挑战与解决方案。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
目标试验框架越来越多地用于定义观察性分析的因果估计量。然而,在妊娠期,设计与因果估计量一致的时间-事件分析颇具挑战性,因为结局通常定义所在的时间尺度“孕龄”不同于结局测量所在的时间尺度“自研究入组以来的时间”。我们认为,两种时间尺度均非“最佳”,但各自对应不同的估计量。本文中,我们使用目标试验框架来定义与每种时间尺度相对应的因果估计量。我们考虑一项(假设的)目标试验,比较在孕16至20周之间随机分配至17-α-羟孕酮己酸酯(17-OHPC)与安慰剂对预防孕37周前分娩(无论是流产、死产还是活产)的效果。我们将“自研究入组以来的时间”时间尺度上的时间-事件分析估计量定义为在孕16至20周之间随机分配至17-OHPC与安慰剂对孕37周前分娩的影响。相比之下,使用“孕龄”时间尺度的时间-事件分析的因果估计量对应于,反事实地,所有参与者在同一孕龄(如16周)被随机化时的效应。我们回顾了每种时间尺度在估计方面的具体挑战及可能的解决方案。
英文摘要
The target trial framework is increasingly used to define the causal estimand for an observational analysis. However, designing time-to-event analyses that align with the causal estimand is challenging in pregnancy because the timescale on which outcomes are often defined, "gestational age", differs from the timescale on which outcomes are measured, "time since study entry". We argue that neither timescale is "best" but that each aligns with a different estimand. In this article, we use the target trial framework to define the causal estimands corresponding to each timescale. We consider a (hypothetical) target trial comparing randomization to 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) versus placebo between 16-20 weeks of gestation to prevent delivery before 37 weeks' gestation, whether by miscarriage, stillbirth, or live birth. We define the estimand of time-to-event analyses on the "time since study entry" timescale as the effect of randomization to 17-OHPC versus placebo between 16-20 weeks of gestation on delivery before 37 weeks'. In contrast, the causal estimand of time-to-event analyses using the "gestational age" timescale corresponds to the effect had, counter to fact, all participants been randomized at one gestational age (e.g., 16 weeks). We review specific challenges to estimation and possible solutions for each timescale.
发表机构
- University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学)
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia(费城儿童医院)
- Karolinska Institutet(卡罗林斯卡学院)
- Aarhus University(奥胡斯大学)
- HealthPartners Institute(健康伙伴研究所)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill(北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校)
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