发表机构
Privolzhsky District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Privolzhsky Research Medical University; Lobachevsky State University; Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯联邦医学生物署伏尔加河沿岸地区医疗中心; 伏尔加河沿岸研究医科大学; 罗巴切夫斯基国立大学; 俄罗斯科学院微结构物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用高分辨率太赫兹光谱分析前列腺癌与良性前列腺增生患者尿液蒸气，发现差异光谱特征，为补充PSA的分子诊断提供潜在非侵入性途径。
AI 中文摘要
约13%的男性一生中将被诊断为前列腺癌（PC）。血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）广泛用于筛查和风险评估；然而，PSA升高并非癌症特异性，也可能出现在良性状况中，如前列腺炎和良性前列腺增生（BPH）。因此，需要能够提供补充分子信息的额外非侵入性方法。在此，我们提出一项探索性初步研究，使用高分辨率太赫兹（THz）光谱检查尿液来源的挥发性和热分解产物。对24名PC患者和14名BPH患者的尿液样本分析，识别出所报告的分子归属模式和候选光谱特征存在差异，以供进一步评估。该研究设计用于候选识别和可行性评估，并未评估诊断准确性或相对于PSA的优越性。这些发现支持进一步研究太赫兹光谱作为PSA及其他既定临床评估之外补充分子信息的潜在来源。该研究还概述了在考虑将该方法用于常规临床之前必须解决的技术标准化和临床验证要求。
英文摘要
The cancer specificity of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) motivates complementary, non-invasive approaches to prostate disease assessment. Building on reported high-resolution terahertz (THz) analysis of urine-derived products, this review integrates spectroscopic evidence with a statistical reanalysis of clinical data from 24 patients with prostate cancer (PC) and 14 with histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Nonparametric statistical comparison shows higher PSA levels in PC, while overlapping patient distributions and receiver-operating-characteristic analysis with bootstrap uncertainty estimation demonstrate incomplete discrimination from BPH. Fast frequency-sweep spectroscopy characterizes urine-derived volatile and thermal-decomposition products, distinguishing compounds shared between groups from candidate PC-associated assignments, including glycolaldehyde, butyronitrile, pentanenitrile and methyl isocyanate. Glycolaldehyde has been detected by urinary carbonyl profiling, while benzaldehyde and phenol have been reported in urinary volatile studies. Related aldehydes identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and glycine-associated metabolites reported in proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies provide complementary chemical and metabolic context. These correspondences support plausibility of THz findings without establishing PC specificity. Together, the dataset, statistical assessment and comparative literature synthesis support THz urine spectroscopy as a platform for molecular discovery and candidate prioritization. Standardized sample preparation, separation of native urinary constituents from processing-derived products, and validation in independent cohorts remain necessary.
