发表机构
California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文利用场速度概念解决经典电磁学中计算电磁质量的4/3问题，指出能量流平均速度为物体速度的4/3，从而使两种计算方法一致。
AI 中文摘要
量子场论中复杂的质量重整化过程，在经典电磁学中有一个更简单的先驱。在那里，带电体的重整化质量包括其裸质量和电磁质量。对于以恒定低速运动的物体，电磁质量既可以从电磁场的总动量计算，也可以从物体静止系中电磁场的总能量计算。对于球对称电荷分布，这些方法似乎相差一个4/3因子。这个4/3问题有着悠久的历史。在这里，我们看到场速度的概念可以用来快速解决4/3问题。在注意到电磁场中能量流动的平均速度是物体速度的4/3之后，这两种求电磁质量的方法就一致了。电磁场中的能量比带电体运动得更快，因为除了随物体运动外，场能量还必须从物体后部（在那里被发射）传播到前部（在那里被吸收）。
英文摘要
The intricate procedure of mass renormalization in quantum field theory has a simpler precursor in classical electromagnetism. There, the renormalized mass of a charged body includes both its bare mass and its electromagnetic mass. For a body moving at constant low velocity, the electromagnetic mass can be calculated either from the total momentum of the electromagnetic field or from the total energy of the electromagnetic field in the body's rest frame. For a spherically symmetric charge distribution, these methods appear to disagree by a factor of 4/3. This 4/3 problem has a long history. Here, we see that the concept of field velocity can be used to quickly resolve the 4/3 problem. The two methods for finding the electromagnetic mass agree after noting that the average velocity of energy flow in the electromagnetic field is 4/3 the velocity of the body. The energy in the electromagnetic field moves faster than the charged body because, in addition to moving with the body, the field energy must make its way from the back of the body (where it is being emitted) to the front (where it is being absorbed).
Comments10 pages, 7 figures
