发表机构
ESA/ESOC（欧洲空间局/欧洲空间任务控制中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过ESOC新定轨系统复现罗塞塔号2005年地球飞越异常，排除星历、引力场等传统因素，提出反照率照明触发航天器表面放气导致人为速度增加的解释，并经姿态分析验证。
AI 中文摘要
背景：在2005年罗塞塔号首次地球飞越的导航过程中，在离站段探测到一个微小但无法解释的渐近速度增加，这需要在定轨过程中于近地点施加一个人为的顺行delta-V。类似现象已在多个任务中观测到。然而，罗塞塔号随后的地球飞越并未表现出此效应。尽管过去几十年对所谓的地球飞越异常进行了大量研究，其根本原因仍未解决。想法：为解决该问题，我们利用ESOC新的深空定轨系统，使用原始射电跟踪数据和航天器模型进行定轨。这种方法能够在飞行轨迹中纳入额外的物理效应，旨在识别异常的根源。结果：我们使用新的定轨软件成功复现了该异常。随后的分析排除了涉及地球星历误差、引力场建模、相对论贡献和传播器配置的解释。额外的动力学变化，如太阳辐射压或反照率辐射，经评估不足以解释观测到的差异。展望：在调查地球反照率效应期间，识别出人为速度增加的一种可能解释。反照率引起的照明作用于热敏感航天器表面，可能触发了放气，其方向和大小与罗塞塔号巡航阶段记录的放气事件一致。详细的姿态分析进一步强化了这一理论，并提供了结论性结果，也与罗塞塔号的其他地球飞越进行了比较。
英文摘要
Background: During the navigation of Rosetta's first Earth flyby in 2005, a small yet unexplained asymptotic velocity increase was detected in the departing leg, necessitating inserting an artificial prograde delta-V at perigee in the orbit determination. Similar instances of this phenomenon have been observed in several missions. However, subsequent Rosetta Earth flybys did not exhibit this effect. Despite numerous investigations of the - so called Earth flyby anomaly - over the last decades, the underlying cause remains unresolved. Idea: To address the problem, we perform an Orbit Determination using ESOC's new system for Deep Space orbit determination, utilising the original radiometric tracking data and spacecraft model. This approach enables the incorporation of additional physical effects in the flight trajectory, with the aim of identifying the root cause of the anomaly. Results: We successfully reproduced the anomaly using the new orbit determination software. Subsequent analysis ruled out explanations involving Earth ephemeris errors, gravitational field modelling, relativistic contributions, and propagator configurations. Additional dynamical variations, such as the solar radiation pressure or albedo radiation, were evaluated but found insufficient to account for the observed discrepancy. Outlook: During investigations of Earth's albedo effect, a possible explanation for an artificial velocity increase was identified. Albedo-induced illumination on thermally sensitive spacecraft surfaces could have triggered outgassing, consistent in direction and magnitude with documented outgassing events during Rosetta's cruise phase. A detailed attitude analysis further strengthens this theory and provides conclusive results, also in comparison to Rosetta's other Earth flybys.
Journal refProceedings of the 30th International Symposium of Space Flight Dynamics (ISSFD), Toulouse, 2026
