面向城域网的容损量子位置验证
Loss-Tolerant Quantum Position Verification for Metropolitan Area Networks
- Qunnect Inc.（Qunnect公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出并实验验证了一种信道损耗无关的量子位置验证协议，利用商用组件在城域尺度实现安全位置认证，并证明了针对量子对手的有限尺寸安全性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
时空封印是一种密码学保证，即数字事件已在经批准的地点和时间发生，它可以通过位置认证增强数字签名，用于法律、金融和监管用例。在对抗性环境中，这种封印的任何纯经典实现都可能被伪造。量子位置验证（QPV）提供了一种基于物理学的解决方案，利用不可克隆定理和不可信号原理来证明一方的时空坐标。虽然最近已通过纠缠和相干光协议展示了QPV的可行性，但在城域尺度上实现这些方案的容损性会大幅增加实现复杂度。在此，我们提出并实验演示了一种容损QPV（LT-QPV）协议，其安全性独立于信道损耗。我们在以密码学安全哈希函数实例化的量子随机预言机模型中，证明了针对量子多项式时间纠缠对手的有限尺寸安全性。我们的系统完全使用商用现成组件实现，在22分钟净数据收集时间内，能针对受限对手认证位置，并有一条通过升级硬件实现实时认证（<1秒）的清晰路径。我们的架构仅需一个量子验证节点及经典基础设施，自然兼容城域量子网络，为可部署的、基于物理学的可扩展时空认证服务奠定了基础。
英文摘要
A spacetime seal, a cryptographic guarantee that a digital event has occurred at an approved location and time, can augment a digital signature with location attestation for legal, financial, and regulatory use cases. In adversarial settings any purely classical realization of such a seal can be spoofed. Quantum position verification (QPV) offers a physics-based solution, exploiting the no-cloning theorem and the no-signaling principle to certify a party's spacetime coordinates. While the feasibility of QPV has been recently shown via entanglement- and coherent light-based protocols, achieving loss tolerance for these schemes substantially increases implementation complexity at metropolitan scales. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a loss-tolerant QPV (LT-QPV) protocol whose security is independent of channel loss. We prove finite-size security against quantum polynomial-time entangled adversaries in the quantum random oracle model instantiated with cryptographically secure hash functions. Implemented entirely with commercial off-the-shelf components, our system certifies position within 22 minutes of net data collection time against a restricted adversary, with a clear path to real-time certification (<1s) with upgraded hardware. Our architecture, requiring only a single quantum verifier node alongside classical infrastructure, is naturally compatible with metropolitan-area quantum networks, establishing the foundations for scalable, physics-backed spacetime certification as a deployable service.
