遮荫感知的屋顶光伏布局
Shading-Aware Rooftop PV Placement
- ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
- University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究提出一种遮荫感知的屋顶光伏布局方法，通过模拟太阳视角阴影来优化组件位置，提高发电量，并在瑞士数据上验证了高相关性。
AI中文摘要：
屋顶光伏（PV）设计需要仔细的组件布局，以有效利用可能有限的屋顶空间和可用的阳光。现有的简化屋顶模型可能会遗漏遮挡组件的物体和上层结构。我们使用逐小时天气和地形地平线模拟屋顶辐照度，从太阳视角计算附近建筑物、树木和屋顶上层结构投射的阴影。我们的方法（i）从图像中推断现有组件布局并估算其发电量，（ii）重新定位这些组件以提高发电量，以及（iii）为新安装生成遮荫感知的布局。我们将模拟发电量与瑞士11个安装点的生产记录进行比较，并在另外19个农村屋顶上通过模拟评估新布局。在不知道任何电气或系统规格的情况下，我们获得的日发电量中位数与实测生产数据的相关系数为0.982。绝对能量估算仍对系统规格敏感。在比较组件数量相等的新布局时，考虑邻里和屋顶细节遮荫会改变每屋顶平均38.9%的组件的位置或朝向。与不考虑邻里和屋顶细节阴影设计的布局相比，这些布局使模拟年发电量最多提高7.91%。我们公开发布了用于建模和设计考虑地形、邻里和屋顶细节遮荫的屋顶光伏安装的工具，网址为https URL。
英文摘要：
Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) design requires careful panel placement to make effective use of potentially limited roof space and available sunlight. Existing simplified roof models can miss objects and superstructures that shade panels. We simulate rooftop irradiance using hourly weather and a terrain horizon, computing shadows from nearby buildings, trees, and roof superstructures rendered from the Sun's viewpoint. Our method (i) infers existing panel layouts from imagery and estimates their yield, (ii) relocates these panels to improve the yield, and (iii) generates shading-aware layouts for new installations. We compare modeled yield with production records from 11 Swiss installations and evaluate new layouts in simulation on 19 additional rural roofs. Without knowledge of any electrical or system specifications, we obtain a median daily correlation with measured production of 0.982. Absolute energy estimates remain sensitive to system specifications. Comparing new layouts with equal panel counts, accounting for neighborhood and roof-detail shading changes the position or orientation of an average of 38.9\% of panels per roof. These layouts increase modeled annual yield by up to 7.91\% compared with layouts designed without accounting for neighborhood and roof-detail shadows. We publicly release our tool for modeling and designing rooftop PV installations with terrain, neighborhood, and roof-detail shading at https://github.com/tobiasvonarx/shading-aware-pv.
