发表机构
University of KwaZulu–Natal; Central Asian University; University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences; Institute of Theoretical Physics, National University of Uzbekistan; Tashkent International University of Education; Harbin Institute of Technology; Tongji University; Khazar University; National University of Uzbekistan; Kimyo International University in Tashkent（夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学; 中亚大学; 塔什干应用科学大学; 乌兹别克斯坦国立大学理论物理研究所; 塔什干国际教育学院; 哈尔滨工业大学; 同济大学; 哈扎尔大学; 乌兹别克斯坦国立大学; 塔什干化学国际大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究在能量-动量平方引力框架下，通过统一相互作用夸克物质状态方程求解修正的TOV方程，发现电荷可显著提升夸克星最大质量至约3倍太阳质量，与GW190814等观测约束相容。
AI 中文摘要
我们在能量-动量平方引力（EMSG）框架内研究了带电夸克星的平衡结构，采用统一的相互作用夸克物质状态方程，该方程包含了微扰QCD修正、色超导和有限奇异夸克质量效应。通过在一系列广泛的EMSG耦合强度和相互作用参数下求解修正的Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff方程，我们表明，与中性构型相比，电荷的加入显著增加了最大质量和半径。对于强负耦合和显著相互作用强度，所得恒星模型的质量接近$3\\,M_{\odot}$，致密度约为$0.34$，使其处于GW190814次组分推断的质量范围内，而该天体的性质在观测上仍未确定。电荷的存在使最大质量处的中心密度降低约$10$--$15\\%$，同时完全满足因果性要求。此外，与PSR J1614$-$2230、J0348$+$0432、J0740$+$6620、J0952$-$0607以及近期NICER半径测量的观测约束比较表明，带电EMSG构型在广泛的参数空间内与当前天体物理界限保持一致。这些结果表明，适度的电荷与非线性物质-几何耦合相结合时，可以支持比广义相对论预测的质量显著更大的夸克星，凸显了修正引力和多信使天体物理学中带电致密天体的潜在观测相关性。
英文摘要
We investigate the equilibrium structure of electrically charged quark stars within the framework of energy-momentum-squared gravity (EMSG), adopting a unified interacting quark-matter equation of state that incorporates perturbative QCD corrections, color superconductivity, and finite-strange-quark-mass effects. By solving the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations over a broad range of EMSG coupling strengths and interaction parameters, we show that the inclusion of electric charge substantially increases both the maximum mass and radius compared with neutral configurations. For strong negative couplings and pronounced interaction strengths, the resulting stellar models reach masses close to $3,M_{\odot}$ with compactness ratios of order $0.34$, placing them within the mass range inferred for the secondary component of GW190814, whose nature remains observationally undetermined. The presence of charge reduces the central density at maximum mass by approximately $10$--$15\%$ while maintaining full compliance with causality requirements. Furthermore, comparisons with observational constraints from PSR J1614$-$2230, J0348$+$0432, J0740$+$6620, J0952$-$0607, and recent NICER radius measurements indicate that charged EMSG configurations remain consistent with current astrophysical bounds over a wide parameter space. These results demonstrate that a moderate electric charge, when combined with nonlinear matter-geometry coupling, can support quark stars that are significantly more massive than those predicted in general relativity, underscoring the potential observational relevance of charged compact objects in modified gravity and multimessenger astrophysics.
Comments19 pages, 6 figures
Journal refChin. Phys. C 50, 115105 (2026)
