发表机构
Peking University; Tsinghua University(北京大学; 清华大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对带删除的 union-find 问题,提出线性空间数据结构,通过分离全局秩增长与局部删除修复,实现 MakeSet、Delete 常数时间,Union 和 Find 达到最优最坏情况权衡。
AI 中文摘要
我们考虑带删除的 union-find 问题,其中表示和查询代价必须依赖于当前存活元素的数量,而非历史上创建的元素总数。对于每个整数参数 $k\ge 2$,我们给出一个线性空间数据结构,支持 $\mathsf{MakeSet}$ 在最坏情况 $O(1)$ 时间内完成,$\mathsf{Union}$ 在最坏情况 $O(k)$ 时间内完成,$\mathsf{Delete}$ 在最坏情况 $O(1)$ 时间内完成,以及 $\mathsf{Find}$ 在最坏情况 $O\left(1+\frac{\log n}{\log k}\right)$ 时间内完成,其中 $n$ 为当前存活元素个数。删除操作仅给定元素句柄,而非其当前集合的标识符。该构造将全局秩增长与局部删除修复分离。一个逻辑集合由少于 $k$ 棵不相交的秩树表示。等秩树在收集到 $k$ 个证书之前不进行物理链接,一旦收集到 $k$ 个证书,则执行一次基 $k$ 进位操作,耗时 $O(k)$。每棵成员树使用 Ben-Amram 和 Yoffe 的完全/简化局部重建方案的强化形式。一个 $q$ 元值论证(其中 $q=3/2$)将局部树与基 $k$ 证书耦合,并得出所声明的当前规模高度界。一个虽小但必要的规则处理高秩星形结构,这种状态可能由基 $k$ 进位产生,但在早期局部方案所基于的二元秩构造中不会直接出现。
英文摘要
We consider union-find with deletions, where the representation and the cost of a query must depend on the current number of live elements rather than on the number of elements ever created. For every integer parameter $k\ge 2$, we give a linear-space data structure supporting $\mathsf{MakeSet}$ in $O(1)$ worst-case time, $\mathsf{Union}$ in $O(k)$ worst-case time, $\mathsf{Delete}$ in $O(1)$ worst-case time, and $\mathsf{Find}$ in $O\left(1+\frac{\log n}{\log k}\right)$ worst-case time for a set containing $n$ live elements. A deletion is given only an element handle, not the identifier of its current set. The construction separates global rank growth from local deletion repair. A logical set is represented by fewer than $k$ disjoint ranked trees. Equal-level trees are collected without physical linking until $k$ certificates are available, at which point one base-$k$ carry is performed in $O(k)$ time. Each member tree uses a strengthened form of the full/reduced local rebuilding scheme of Ben-Amram and Yoffe. A $q$-ary value argument, with $q=3/2$, couples the local trees to the base-$k$ certificates and yields the stated current-size height bound. A small but essential rule handles high-rank stars, a state that the base-$k$ carry can create but that does not arise directly in the binary-rank construction underlying the earlier local scheme.
Comments10 pages, 1 table, no figures