发表机构
Northwest University; Hebei Normal University（西北大学; 河北师范大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出弯曲时空中光子与有质量粒子耦合的协变玻尔兹曼方程，构造碰撞积分并推导守恒律与热力学关系，以克尔吸积盘辐射为例验证，从第一性原理处理强引力场非平衡辐射。
AI 中文摘要
本文发展了在一般弯曲时空中控制光子与有质量粒子耦合演化的协变玻尔兹曼方程。我们构造了光子发射-吸收、康普顿散射以及有质量粒子之间散射的碰撞积分，并展示了守恒定律。要求H定理成立确定了吸收与发射跃迁速率之间的关系，在非相对论极限下该关系退化为爱因斯坦关系。在平衡态下熵产生消失，得到细致平衡条件，由此我们获得了光子气体的协变热力学关系。我们以克尔时空中吸积盘的热辐射为例说明这些结果，首先考虑全局平衡情形，然后考虑局部热力学平衡下的开普勒盘。我们进一步将碰撞积分推广到涉及零质量粒子和有质量粒子的任意多物种过程。该公式从第一性原理出发处理强引力场中的非平衡辐射过程。
英文摘要
This paper develops the covariant Boltzmann equation governing the coupled evolution of photons and massive particles in general curved spacetimes. We construct the collision integrals for photon emission-absorption, Compton scattering, and scattering between massive particles, and show the conservation laws. Requiring the H-theorem to hold determines the relation between the absorption and emission transition rates, which reduces to the Einstein relation in the non-relativistic limit. At equilibrium the entropy production vanishes, yielding the detailed balance condition, from which we obtain the covariant thermodynamic relations of the photon gas. We illustrate these results with the thermal radiation from an accretion disk in Kerr spacetime, first in global equilibrium and then in a Keplerian disk in local thermodynamic equilibrium. We further extend the collision integrals to arbitrary multi-species processes involving both null and massive particles. The formulation treats non-equilibrium radiative processes in strong gravitational fields from first principles.
Comments35 pages, 3 figures
