立体引力波探测：活动星系核中双星并合的引力透镜效应
Stereoscopic gravitational-wave probe: Gravitational lensing of a binary merger in active galactic nuclei
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出活动星系核中双星并合因透镜效应产生两个视角的引力波图像，建立变换规则框架，可生成一致波形，为研究并合性质提供新窗口。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
近期研究表明，如果LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA探测到的致密双星并合（CBCs）中有很大一部分发生在活动星系核（AGNs）周围的吸积盘中，那么许多此类AGN-CBC系统很可能经历引力透镜效应，并产生多个引力波（GW）“图像”，这些图像将能被当前或未来的引力波探测器探测到。然而，这类被透镜化的“图像”所产生的波形将不同于其他透镜系统产生的波形，因为双星源在近距离绕AGN中心的超大质量黑洞运行。在此，我们证明这些系统从两个不同的观测角度产生同一双星源的两张快照。图像之间有效观测角的差异编码在它们发射的引力波中，使得引力波探测器能够有效地从两个视角分析波形。除了这种“多视角透镜”效应外，引力波图像还可能因源绕AGN的预期相对论性轨道运动而产生多普勒频移差异，这种效应因靠近透镜而被进一步放大。如果AGN自身的角动量能与双星的轨道角动量相关联，那么与典型的点质量透镜系统相比，我们只需增加一个自由参数即可描述整个AGN-CBC系统；若不做出这一假设，则需要增加3个参数。在这项工作中，我们建立了一个变换规则框架，该框架既描述了这两个视角中的角度，也描述了源绕透镜运动产生的多普勒效应。我们还提供了从任何当前可用的引力波波形生成一致的AGN透镜化波形的框架。这些AGN-CBC系统为双星并合提供了两个独特的视角，从而为研究并合性质开辟了一个不同于任何其他透镜系统的新窗口。
英文摘要
Recent work has shown that, if a large fraction of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA compact binary coalescences (CBCs) occur in accretion disks around active galactic nuclei (AGNs), many such AGN-CBC systems will likely experience lensing and produce multiple gravitational-wave (GW) "images" of the CBCs that will become detectable with current or future GW detectors. However, the waveforms produced by such lensed "images" will differ from those produced by other lensing systems because the binary source is orbiting the AGN's central supermassive black hole at a close distance. Here, we show that these systems produce 2 snapshots of the same binary source from 2 different viewing angles. These differences in the effective viewing angle between the images are encoded in the GWs they emit, such that GW detectors can effectively analyse the waveforms from 2 viewpoints. Beyond such "multi-view lensing", the GW images may also differ by their Doppler shift due to the expected relativistic orbital motion of the source around the AGN, an effect which is further amplified by the proximity to the lens. If the AGN's own angular momentum can be related to the binary's orbital angular momentum, we can describe the entire AGN-CBC system using only one additional free parameter compared with a typical point-mass lens system, or with 3 additional parameters when we do not make such an assumption. In this work, we establish a framework of transformation rules that describe both the angles in the 2 points of view, and the Doppler effect that comes from the source's motion around the lens. We also provide the framework to produce consistent AGN-lensed waveforms from any currently available GW waveform. These AGN-CBC systems give 2 unique points of view on a binary merger thus opening up a new window into the merger's properties unlike any other lens system.
发表机构
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）
- Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
