发表机构
Johns Hopkins University; Portland State University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学; 波特兰州立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究验证了移动表面阻力（MOSD）模型在风浪与海上风电场模拟中的适用性，该模型能以较低成本再现平均速度剖面并捕捉波浪效应，为在风电场尺度纳入解析波浪影响提供了可行框架。
AI 中文摘要
海上风电场运行于海洋大气边界层内，其中海浪能够改变海气动量传输、涡轮机入流和尾流恢复。波浪分辨模拟能够捕捉依赖于相位的风-浪相互作用，但其计算成本和实现复杂性限制了其在大尺度大气和风电场模拟域中的应用。本研究描述了最近提出的移动表面阻力（MOSD）模型的应用和测试，该模型是一种用于水平分辨移动波浪的平底壁面应力公式，并将其应用于一系列日益复杂的风-浪和海上风能问题。该模型首先使用实验室测量数据对斯托克斯型波浪上的湍流进行评估，结果能够再现平均速度剖面，并捕捉波浪诱导运动的定性结构，尽管其振幅被低估。随后，MOSD被应用于宽带波浪谱场和海上风电场边界层，结果显示在不同波龄、网格分辨率和涡轮机间距下，与波浪分辨模拟的平均速度剖面具有良好的一致性。最后，在常规中性条件下使用MOSD进行的探索性海上风电场模拟展示了其在风电场尺度上的应用。大尺度波浪在近表面速度谱中留下可检测的特征，但这些特征随高度衰减，并且不会在聚合涡轮机功率的时间谱中产生清晰的峰值。总体而言，结果表明MOSD模型为在风浪和海上风电场模拟中纳入解析波浪效应提供了一个易处理的框架。
英文摘要
Offshore wind farms operate within the marine atmospheric boundary layer, where ocean waves can modify air-sea momentum transfer, turbine inflow, and wake recovery. Wave-resolved simulations can capture phase-dependent wind--wave interactions, but their computational cost and implementation complexity limit their use in large atmospheric and wind-farm domains. This study describes applications and tests of the recently proposed moving surface drag (MOSD) model, a flat-bottom wall-stress formulation for horizontally resolved moving waves, to a sequence of increasingly complex wind--wave and offshore wind-energy applications. The model is first evaluated for turbulent flow over Stokes-like waves using laboratory measurements, where it reproduces mean velocity profiles and captures the qualitative structure of wave-induced motions, although their amplitude is underpredicted. MOSD is then applied to broadband wave spectra fields and offshore wind-farm boundary layers, showing good agreement with mean velocity profiles from wave-resolved simulations across different wave ages, grid resolutions, and turbine spacings. Finally, exploratory offshore wind-farm simulations using MOSD under conventionally neutral conditions demonstrate its application at wind-farm scale. Large-scale waves leave detectable signatures in near-surface velocity spectra, but these signatures decay with height and do not produce clear peaks in temporal spectra of aggregate turbine power. Overall, the results demonstrate that the MOSD model provides a tractable framework for incorporating resolved wave effects in wind-wave and offshore wind-farm simulations.
