发表机构
Hokkaido University; CHA University; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology（北海道大学; 车大学; 韩国科学技术院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究针对被动亥姆霍兹谐振器耳塞，推导因果透射损耗守恒积分，提出危害加权注水法最优分配有限空气体积，实现低频保护约1分贝、中高频达12分贝的噪声衰减与语音可听性平衡。
AI 中文摘要
被动式亥姆霍兹谐振器耳塞旨在衰减有害噪声，同时保持语音可听；耳形外壳的空气体积是有限的，我们将其视为设计所消耗的资源。对于在零频率处透明且由无功侧支管加载的通气孔道，因果性确定了透射损耗的一个守恒积分。我们在器件变量中推导出该积分，加入粘性和旁路约束，并通过具有连续语音成本价格的危害加权注水法来分配预算。音频频段预算 B_ad = (20/ln10) pi^2 V / 2cS 由总腔体体积 V 与孔道面积 S 之比决定；完全堵塞式耳塞不受此限制。f^2 价格信号有利于远高于声源峰值的频率。将严格透明性替换为语音成本价格，在当前模型下，每分贝语音成本可换取约 1.3 dB 的保护，而预算设置决定了其饱和点。在三种形态因子中，低频选择性设计保持在约 1 分贝附近，而匹配危害的中/高频设计可达 12 分贝。关键约束变量是孔道面积和语音余量，而非谐振器数量。
英文摘要
Passive Helmholtz-resonator earplugs aim to attenuate hazardous noise while keeping speech audible; the air volume of an ear-sized shell is finite, and we treat it as the resource a design spends. For a vented bore transparent at zero frequency and loaded by reactive side branches, causality fixes a conserved integral of transmission loss. We derive it in device variables, add viscous and flanking constraints, and allocate the budget by hazard-weighted water-filling with a continuous speech-cost price. The audio-band budget B_ad = (20/ln10) pi^2 V / 2cS is set by the ratio of total cavity volume V to bore area S; occluding plugs are exempt. The f^2 price signal favours frequencies well above the source peak. Replacing strict transparency by a speech-cost price gives an exchange rate of about 1.3 dB of protection per decibel of speech cost under the present model, with the budget setting where it saturates. Across three form factors, low-frequency-selective designs stay near a decibel while hazard-matched mid/high-frequency designs reach twelve. The binding variables are bore area and speech allowance, not resonator count.
Comments17 pages, 5 figures. Code and data: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22684722
