开源RISC-V GPGPU上后量子密码加速的设计空间探索
Design-Space Exploration of Post-Quantum Cryptography Acceleration on an Open-Source RISC-V GPGPU
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文首次在开源Vortex RISC-V GPGPU上集成后量子密码单元（PCU），实现最小NTT加速器，较次小设计小2.8倍，并带来显著加速，为PQC硬件加速融入通用并行计算奠定基础。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
后量子密码（PQC）加速已在CPU和FPGA上得到研究，然而主导高吞吐计算的GPGPU在PQC硬件集成作为功能单元方面仍未被探索。我们展示了据我们所知首次此类集成：在开源Vortex RISC-V GPGPU上的Vortex后量子密码单元（PCU）。该PCU在134个逻辑单元（73个LUT4加61个CCU2C）中实现了基于Kyber（q=3329）和Dilithium（q=8380417）模数的256点NTT，这是按逻辑单元数量计最小的已报道NTT加速器，比次小设计小2.8倍。它在Lattice ECP5上达到228.78 MHz，在Xilinx Artix-7上达到299.8 MHz布局布线频率，并通过了7个测试套件中的253项功能测试。在Vortex SimX上，它比GPU ALU执行实现了42.6倍加速，预计在RTL上约36倍加速。综合到ASAP7 7nm工艺，NTT数据通路在702 MHz下占用96.53平方微米（布线后）。这项工作为将PQC硬件加速集成到通用并行计算中奠定了基础。
英文摘要
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) acceleration has been studied for CPUs and FPGAs, yet GPGPUs - dominating high-throughput computing - remain unexplored for PQC hardware integration as a functional unit. We present what is, to our knowledge, the first such integration: the Vortex Post-Quantum Crypto Unit (PCU) on the open-source Vortex RISC-V GPGPU. The PCU implements a 256-point NTT over Kyber (q=3329) and Dilithium (q=8380417) moduli in 134 logic cells (73 LUT4 + 61 CCU2C) - the smallest reported NTT accelerator by logic-cell count, 2.8x smaller than the next smallest design. It achieves 228.78 MHz on Lattice ECP5 and 299.8 MHz place-and-route on Xilinx Artix-7, and passes 253 functional tests across 7 suites. On Vortex SimX, it achieves 42.6x acceleration over GPU ALU execution, projecting to roughly 36x speedup on RTL. Synthesized to ASAP7 7nm, the NTT datapath occupies 96.53 um^2 (post-route) at 702 MHz. This work establishes a foundation for integrating PQC hardware acceleration into general-purpose parallel computing.
发表机构
- Fortaegis Technologies B.V.（Fortaegis科技有限公司）
- Siliconarts, Inc.（Siliconarts公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
