发表机构
Mahidol University International College(玛希隆大学国际学院)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究十进制反转数关于 2 的乘法阶的对称性,通过分类仿射交换方程,给出解的结构与计数,并证明 1729 与 9271 是唯一满足阶互反的奇数对。
AI 中文摘要
十进制反转数 1729 和 9271 关于 2 的乘法阶分别为 36 和 63。受此对称性启发,我们对仿射交换方程 R_B(hx+1)=hR_B(x)+1 进行分类,其中 R_B 反转基 B 的数字,对所有 B≥3、2≤h<B 以及正整数 x(且 x 和 hx+1 均不以零结尾)成立。比较两个进位序列,根据数字长度区分解。长度相等时,强制数字个数为奇数,且数字交替出现在两个明确区间内。当输出增加一位时,h 与 B+1 的互素性强制输入为重复数字且输出为回文。在非互素情形下,所有输入长度均为偶数,并构成有限族。通过松弛变量双射,我们得到精确的最大长度、每个长度下的二项式计数,以及用斐波那契数或 2 的幂表示的总数。对于已知共享阶指数 2≤h<B 的素数反转对,该分类给出了其阶反转的精确数字判据。最后,通过带有可独立验证的素性证书的穷举计算,证明 {1729,9271} 是唯一一对不同的奇数十进制反转数,其关于 2 的阶互为不同的两位反转数。
英文摘要
The decimal reversals 1729 and 9271 have multiplicative orders of $2$ equal to 36 and 63. Motivated by this symmetry, we classify the affine commutation equation $R_B(hx+1)=hR_B(x)+1$, where $R_B$ reverses base-$B$ digits, for every $B\ge3$, $2\le h<B$ and positive integer $x$ such that neither $x$ nor $hx+1$ ends in zero. Comparing the two carry sequences separates the solutions by their digit lengths. Equal lengths force an odd number of digits alternating between two explicit intervals. When the output gains a digit, coprimality of $h$ and $B+1$ forces a repdigit input with palindromic output. In the noncoprime case, all inputs instead have even length and form a finite family. A slack-variable bijection gives the sharp maximum length, binomial counts at each length, and totals expressed through Fibonacci numbers or powers of two. For reversal pairs of primes already known to share an order index $2\le h<B$, the classification gives an exact digit criterion for reversal of their orders. Finally, an exhaustive computation with independently checkable primality certificates proves that $\{1729,9271\}$ is the unique pair of distinct odd decimal reversals whose orders of $2$ are distinct two-digit reversals of each other.
Comments14 pages, 2 tables