BrainWideBench:多区域神经记录中的大规模预训练与跨动物迁移基准
BrainWideBench: Benchmarking large-scale pretraining and across-animal transfer in multi-region neural recordings
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中文总结 AI 辅助
BrainWideBench基于跨276个脑区、139只小鼠的数据,提出三套任务基准,系统评估预训练方法在跨动物迁移中的表现,发现当前方法在行为、动态和解剖结构上的泛化仍面临挑战。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
大规模神经记录技术的进步使得跨多只动物和分布式脑区收集数据成为可能,这引发了这样一个问题:这种规模的数据能否被利用来学习可迁移到各种下游任务的通用神经表征。然而,由于评估协议碎片化且对单个任务领域的关注较为狭窄,朝着这一目标的进展一直受限。在此,我们提出BrainWideBench,一个用于评估多区域神经记录中跨动物迁移的基准,它基于国际脑实验室脑宽图谱数据集构建,该数据集包含来自139只小鼠的神经和行为记录,覆盖276个脑区,这些小鼠执行一项感觉引导的决策任务。该基准围绕三个互补的任务套件组织,用于评估学习到的表征是否支持下游行为解码、能否预测掩蔽或未来的神经活动,以及能否恢复具有生物学意义的解剖结构组织。借助该基准,我们系统地评估了跨迁移设置的预训练方法,包括在下游目标上进行微调以及对未见动物的零样本泛化。我们的结果证实,预训练相对于匹配的单会话基线能提升性能,但我们表明当前方法在迁移能力上表现出异质性:收益在很大程度上取决于预训练目标与下游任务之间的一致性。没有单一方法在所有三个套件中表现一致良好,且大多数方法仅被设计用于解决其中的一部分。总之,这些发现表明,学习能够同时在行为、动态和解剖结构上泛化的表征仍然是一个开放的挑战。通过提供一个统一且可复现的评估套件,BrainWideBench建立了一个用于衡量小鼠大脑通用模型进展的框架。
英文摘要
Advances in large-scale neural recording have made it possible to collect data across many animals and distributed brain regions, raising the question of whether this scale can be exploited to learn general-purpose neural representations transferable across diverse downstream tasks. Yet, progress toward this goal has been limited by fragmented evaluation protocols and a narrow focus on individual task domains. Here, we present BrainWideBench, a benchmark for evaluating across-animal transfer on multi-region neural recordings, built on the International Brain Laboratory Brainwide Map dataset of neural and behavioral recordings spanning 276 brain regions from 139 mice performing a sensory-guided decision-making task. The benchmark is organized around three complementary task suites that evaluate whether learned representations support downstream decoding of behavior, can predict masked or future neural activity, and can recover biologically meaningful anatomical organization. With this benchmark, we systematically evaluate pretraining methods across transfer settings, including finetuning on downstream objectives and zero-shot generalization to unseen animals. Our results confirm pretraining improves performance over matched single-session baselines, but we show current methods exhibit heterogeneity in transfer capabilities: gains depend strongly on the alignment between pretraining objectives and downstream tasks. No single approach performs uniformly well across all three suites, and most methods are designed to only address a subset of them. Together, these findings suggest that learning representations that jointly generalize across behavior, dynamics, and anatomy remains an open challenge. By providing a unified and reproducible evaluation suite, BrainWideBench establishes a framework for measuring progress toward general-purpose models of the mouse brain.
发表机构
- University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学)
- Mila(米拉研究所)
- Université de Montréal(蒙特利尔大学)
- Stanford University(斯坦福大学)
- Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学)
- Allen Institute(艾伦研究所)
- William James Center for Research(威廉·詹姆斯研究中心)
- ISPA - Instituto Universitário(ISPA 大学研究所)
- University of Geneva(日内瓦大学)
- Karolinska Institutet(卡罗林斯卡学院)
- UCLA(加州大学洛杉矶分校)
- University College London(伦敦大学学院)
- Champalimaud Foundation(尚帕利莫基金会)
- Lingang Laboratory(临港实验室)
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong(香港中文大学)
- Donders Institute(唐德斯研究所)
- University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学)
- Princeton University(普林斯顿大学)
- Leiden University(莱顿大学)
- McGill University(麦吉尔大学)
- IBM
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