发表机构
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science（巴斯克大学; 巴斯克大学量子中心; 伊卡巴斯基奎，巴斯克科学基金会）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一种基于量子控制序列的单量子传感器方法，实现内禀时间与空间矢量梯度测量，并通过NV色心系综验证，应用于矢量磁异常检测和神经元动作电位非侵入式梯度测量。
AI 中文摘要
梯度测量在准静态磁力测量中为被动环境屏蔽提供了一种通用替代方案，通过差分信号提取有效抑制背景噪声。然而，传统实现依赖于受限于空间梯度的多传感器架构，其中从独立探测器减去信号涉及共模噪声和伪影的不完全抑制，限制了其灵敏度。为克服这些限制，我们引入一种量子控制序列，利用单个量子传感器实现磁场的内禀时间与空间矢量梯度测量。我们的方法可直接获取磁场的一阶及更高阶导数，并通过辅助核自旋存储器扩展其适用性。我们在金刚石中的氮-空位（NV）色心系综中展示了该协议，并将其与机械控制相结合，以实现高精度差分传感。通过详细的数值模拟，我们展示了该方案在两种关键直流磁力测量应用中的性能：（i）矢量磁异常检测和（ii）神经元动作电位的非侵入式梯度测量。
英文摘要
Gradiometry provides a versatile alternative to passive environmental shielding in quasi-static magnetometry, effectively suppressing background noise through differential signal extraction. Nevertheless, traditional implementations rely on multi-sensor architectures restricted to spatial gradients, where subtracting signals from independent detectors involves imperfect suppression of common-mode noise and artifacts, limiting their sensitivity. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a quantum control sequence that enables intrinsic temporal and spatial vectorial gradiometry of magnetic fields using a single quantum sensor. Our method provides direct access to first and higher-order derivatives of the magnetic field and extended applicability via auxiliary nuclear spin memory. We showcase this protocol on an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and combine it with mechanical control to realize high-precision differential sensing. Through detailed numerical simulations, we demonstrate the performance of our scheme in two critical DC magnetometry applications: (i) vector magnetic anomaly detection and (ii) non-invasive gradiometry of neuronal action potentials.
Comments7 pages. 5 figures + Supplementary Information (9 pages, 5 figures)
