发表机构
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology; Department of Physics and Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University; School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa（维洛尔理工学院高级科学学院; 成均馆大学物理系与基础科学研究院; 印度戈阿理工学院物理科学学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究在Pati-Salam宇宙学中探讨原初黑洞蒸发产生的轻子生成与普朗克尺度残骸暗物质，发现非热轻子生成与残骸暗物质相互排斥，但热贡献下10^6克黑洞可同时满足暗物质、重子不对称及破缺能标，并预言可探测的引力波背景。
AI 中文摘要
我们在一个最小Pati-Salam宇宙学中研究了原初黑洞（PBH）蒸发产生的轻子生成和普朗克尺度残骸暗物质，其中规范对称性在暴胀前被破缺，从而稀释了磁单极子。具有近拐点势的单态暴胀子增强了小尺度上的曲率功率谱，产生了一个窄质量范围的黑洞群体，该群体短暂地主导了能量密度。Pati-Salam嵌入将右手中微子质量与SU(2)_R破缺能标联系起来，宇宙学一致性迫使标量扇区汤川耦合和重中微子质量都远低于该能标。根据黑洞是否足够热以发射最轻的右手中微子，出现了两种情形。较轻的PBH驱动非热轻子生成，而较重的PBH则需要热不对称性，并同时通过熵稀释影响该不对称性。如果量子引力反作用在普朗克尺度阻止蒸发，每个PBH会留下一个稳定残骸，其当前丰度与初始质量的负二分之五次方成正比。抑制残骸需要更重的黑洞，但非热轻子生成所需的较轻PBH会过度产生残骸暗物质。因此，残骸暗物质与非热轻子生成是相互排斥的。当包含热贡献时，单个初始PBH质量接近10^6克可以同时满足观测到的暗物质丰度、重子不对称性所需的重中微子质量以及Pati-Salam破缺能标。该情景预言了来自黑洞分布泊松涨落的随机引力波背景，该背景在未来的实验探测范围内，同时伴随的高频引力子发射受到未来相对论性粒子有效数量测量的约束。
英文摘要
We study leptogenesis and Planck-scale remnant dark matter from primordial black hole (PBH) evaporation in a minimal Pati-Salam cosmology, with the gauge symmetry broken before inflation so that magnetic monopoles are diluted away. A singlet inflaton with a near-inflection potential enhances the curvature power spectrum on small scales, producing a narrow black hole population that briefly dominates the energy density. The Pati-Salam embedding ties the right-handed neutrino masses to the SU(2)_R breaking scale, and cosmological consistency forces both the scalar-sector Yukawa coupling and the heavy neutrino mass well below that scale. Two regimes emerge, depending on whether the black holes are hot enough to emit the lightest right-handed neutrino. Lighter PBHs drive non-thermal leptogenesis, while heavier ones require a thermal asymmetry and also affect it through entropy dilution. If quantum gravitational backreaction halts evaporation at the Planck scale, each PBH leaves a stable remnant whose present abundance scales as the inverse five-halves power of the initial mass. Suppressing remnants requires heavier black holes, but the lighter PBHs needed for non-thermal leptogenesis overproduce remnant dark matter. Thus, remnant dark matter and non-thermal leptogenesis are mutually exclusive. When the thermal contribution is included, a single initial PBH mass near 10^6 g accommodates the observed dark matter abundance, the heavy neutrino mass required by the baryon asymmetry, and the Pati-Salam breaking scale. The scenario predicts a stochastic gravitational wave background from Poisson fluctuations of the black hole distribution, within reach of future experiments, alongside high-frequency graviton emission constrained by future measurements of the effective number of relativistic species.
Comments32 pages, 6 figures
