发表机构
University of Portsmouth; University of Oxford; Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; University of Illinois Urbana-Champagin; Stony Brook University（朴茨茅斯大学; 牛津大学; 斯坦福大学; SLAC国家加速器实验室; 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校; 石溪大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文利用神经网络评估LSST模拟强透镜的测量精度，并提出COSMIC-BEAMS方法，在含50%假阳性污染的光度样本中仍能无偏推断宇宙学参数，精度达Ωm=0.1、ΩΛ=0.03、w=0.15。
AI 中文摘要
时空遗产巡天的启动标志着强透镜科学的新时代，预计识别出的强透镜数量将增加到 $\mathcal{O}(10^5)$。在本文中，我们使用神经网络，利用逼真的模拟LSST透镜系统，确定透镜参数可达到的测量精度。我们发现，爱因斯坦半径的平均测量精度可达 $3.7\\%$，且校准后的不确定性准确反映了相应的测量误差。基于当前强透镜分类器的性能，预计约 $100,000$ 个可探测的强透镜将伴随相似或更多数量的假阳性（非透镜）。为此，我们引入了一种名为“COSMIC-BEAMS”的形式体系，用于在考虑假阳性污染的情况下推断宇宙学参数。作为概念验证，利用模拟LSST对真实且不纯净的光度透镜系统（即未经光谱确认的系统）的爱因斯坦半径测量，我们发现对于 $w$CDM 宇宙学，宇宙学参数 $\Omega_m$、$\Omega_\Lambda$ 和 $w$ 的测量精度分别可达 $0.1$、$0.03$ 和 $0.15$。我们证明，即使在含有 $50\\%$ 假阳性污染的强透镜样本中，也能推断出无偏的宇宙学参数，并且包含 $100,000$ 个强透镜的光度数据集将提供与 $2500-3500$ 个光谱系统相当的 $w$ 精度。
英文摘要
The start of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time marks a new era for strong lensing science, where the number of strong lenses identified is expected to increase to $\mathcal{O}(10^5)$. In this paper we use a neural network to determine the precision with which lens parameters can be determined, using realistic simulated LSST lensed systems. We find that the Einstein radius can be measured with a mean precision of $3.7\%$ with calibrated uncertainties accurately reflecting the corresponding measurement error. Based on the performance of current strong lens classifiers, the $\sim 100,000$ detectable strong lenses are expected to be accompanied by a similar or larger number of false positives (non-lenses). In readiness for this we introduce a formalism, termed `COSMIC-BEAMS', to infer cosmological parameters while accounting for contamination by false positives. As a proof-of-concept, using simulated LSST measurements of the Einstein radii of a realistic and impure sample of photometric lens systems, i.e. those without spectroscopic confirmation, we find that the cosmological parameters $Ω_m$, $Ω_Λ$, and $w$ can be measured to a precision of $0.1$, $0.03$ and $0.15$ respectively for a $w$CDM cosmology. We demonstrate that unbiased cosmological parameters can be inferred even in strong lens samples contaminated by $50\%$ false positives, and that the photometric dataset of $100\,000$ strong lenses will provide equivalent $w$-precision to $2500-3500$ spectroscopic systems.
Comments22 pages, 15 figures. Submitted for publication in MNRAS
