量子负载与广义电报员问题

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们报告了经典微波传输线理论到量子散射矩阵描述的映射。通过一种类似Devoret的广义通量形式，我们推导出位于约束电极上的电荷-电流矢量，并对其应用了类似霍奇分解。所提出的理论同样适用于笛卡尔和圆柱形波导几何中传播的所有类型的波（通常的横电-磁模式，也包括横磁和横电模式）。然后，我们展示了通用负载如何分解为一系列复系数$Z_{load}(\alpha)$，对应于沿线传播的每个模式$\alpha$。这种分解导致了对行波的一种特定分类：梯度型和旋度型电荷-电流。这一区分揭示了某类横电模式所表现出的破缺规范对称性的新视角。我们的结果提供了一个普适的理论框架，可直接应用于基于微波的量子信息传输。

英文摘要

We report on the mapping of classical microwave transmission line theory onto the quantum scattering matrix description. By means of a generalized flux formalism a la Devoret, we derive a charge-current vector living on the confining electrodes, to which a Hodge-like decomposition is applied. The presented theory holds equally well for all types of waves traveling within Cartesian and cylindrical guide geometries (the usual Transverse Electric Magnetic, but also Transverse Magnetic and Transverse Electric ones). We then demonstrate how a generic load decomposes into a series of complex coefficients $Z_{load}(α)$, for each mode $α$ propagating along the line. This decomposition leads to a particular classification of traveling waves: gradient-type and curl-type charge-currents. This distinction shines a new light on a broken gauge symmetry exhibited by a class of Transverse Electric modes. Our results provide a universal theoretical framework, which finds a direct usage in microwave-based quantum information transfer.

发表机构

• Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel - CNRS UPR2940（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学，内尔研究所-CNRS UPR2940）

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