发表机构
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar（印度技术学院罗帕尔分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本综述系统评估血液流变学对动脉及心血管器械血流动力学的影响，批判性分析牛顿近似适用性，并总结关键流变效应与未来研究方向。
AI 中文摘要
人体血液是一种复杂的生物悬浮液，其宏观流动行为源于可变形血细胞、血浆蛋白和不断演化的细胞微结构的耦合微观动力学。因此，血液表现出多种非线性流变行为，包括剪切变稀、粘塑性、粘弹性和触变性，这些行为强烈影响其生理和临床血流动力学。本综述全面评估了血液流变学在动脉和接触血液的心血管器械流动中的作用，特别强调了不同流变特性在多大程度上改变临床相关的流动量，以及常规牛顿近似是否仍足以用于分析。首先讨论了导致血液主要流变行为的基本物理机制，随后对血流动力学分析中常用的本构模型进行了批判性综述，包括广义牛顿模型、粘弹性模型和触变-弹-粘塑性（TEVP）模型。随后，综述并讨论了血液流变学对涉及狭窄、分叉和动脉瘤的动脉流动在稳态和脉动流动条件下的影响，并从几个生理重要参数（如压降、流动阻力、壁面剪切应力、流动分离和再循环区）的角度进行了讨论。血液流变学对心血管器械（包括人工心脏瓣膜和支架）的影响也得到综述，特别是关于流动停滞、停留时间、溶血和血栓形成方面。
英文摘要
Human blood is a complex biological suspension whose macroscopic flow behaviour arises from the coupled microscopic dynamics of deformable blood cells, plasma proteins, and evolving cellular microstructures. As a result, blood exhibits a range of nonlinear rheological behaviours, including shear-thinning, viscoplasticity, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy, which strongly influence its physiological and clinical hemodynamics. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the role of blood rheology in arterial and blood-contacting cardiovascular device flows, with particular emphasis on the extent to which different rheological characteristics alter clinically relevant flow quantities and on whether the conventional Newtonian approximation remains adequate for the analysis. The underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the major rheological behaviours of blood are first discussed, followed by a critical review of the constitutive models commonly employed in hemodynamic analysis, including generalised Newtonian, viscoelastic, and thixo-elasto-viscoplastic (TEVP) ones. The effects of blood rheology on arterial flows involving stenosis, bifurcation, and aneurysm under both steady and pulsatile flow conditions are subsequently reviewed and discussed in terms of several physiologically important parameters, such as pressure drop, flow resistance, wall shear stress, flow separation, and recirculation zone. The influence of blood rheology on cardiovascular devices, including prosthetic heart valves and stents, is also reviewed, particularly regarding flow stagnation, residence time, hemolysis, and thrombosis.
