发表机构
INRAE; IRD; Sorbonne Université（法国国家农业、食品与环境研究院; 法国国家可持续发展研究所; 索邦大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过概率建模与大语言模型分析，证明沃伊尼克手稿的符号、词长及植物插图符合一种模仿自然语言和中世纪草药书的结构化生成系统，支持拼贴假说。
AI 中文摘要
背景：沃伊尼克手稿是一部十五世纪的手抄本，以未知文字书写，其内容至今未被破译。先前研究表明，其统计特性与自然语言相似，而其插图——主要是植物——让人联想到中世纪草药书。方法：我们提出一种多学科分析，结合概率建模、语音分解、罕见事件检测和多模态图像分析，基于一个新转写的语料库。词级和字母级分布使用基于位置的概率文法建模，语音模式则与印欧语系、闪米特语系和亚洲语言进行比较。基于大语言模型的图像-文本对齐方法被用于识别潜在的植物对应关系。结果：结果表明，沃伊尼克符号表现为字母而非音节单位，而词长分布类似于音节结构。语音分析显示，其与希伯来语或阿拉伯语等辅音丰富的语言比与印欧语系语言更为接近。概率建模重现了齐夫式分布，并揭示了重复首字母序列的极低概率，表明对自然语言的结构化模仿。图像分析表明，沃伊尼克植物插图与地中海传统中伪阿普列乌斯草药书的插图存在强烈对应关系，与对中世纪医药书籍的模仿一致。观点：这些发现支持了沃伊尼克手稿遵循一种结合语言规律和草药知识的结构化生成系统的假说，并展示了概率和人工智能辅助方法在历史手稿分析中的价值。
英文摘要
Background: The Voynich Manuscript is a fifteenth-century codex written in an unknown script whose content remains undeciphered. Previous studies suggest that its statistical properties resemble those of natural languages, while its illustrations - primarily plants - recall medieval herbals. Methods: We present a multidisciplinary analysis combining probabilistic modeling, phonetic decomposition, rare-event detection, and multimodal image analysis, based on a newly transliterated corpus. Word- and letter-level distributions are modeled using position-dependent probabilistic grammars, while phonetic patterns are compared across Indo-European, Semitic, and Asian languages. Image-text alignment methods based on large language models are applied to identify potential botanical correspondences. Results: The results indicate that Voynich symbols behave as letters rather than syllabic units, while word-length distributions resemble syllabic structures. Phonetic analyses show closer alignment with consonant-heavy languages such as Hebrew or Arabic than with Indo-European languages. Probabilistic modeling reproduces Zipf-like distributions and reveals extremely low probabilities for repeated initial-letter sequences, indicating a structured imitation of natural language. Image analysis suggests strong correspondences between Voynich plant illustrations and those found in Pseudo-Apuleius herbals from the Mediterranean tradition, consistent with an imitation of medieval medicinal books. Perspectives: These findings support the hypothesis that the Voynich Manuscript follows a structured generative system combining linguistic regularities and herbal knowledge, and demonstrate the value of integrating probabilistic and AI-assisted approaches in the analysis of historical manuscripts.
