后闵可夫斯基动力学中的环境效应：相对论流体中致密物体的有效场论、费曼规则与Ward恒等式
Environmental Effects in Post-Minkowskian Dynamics: Effective Field Theory, Feynman Rules, and Ward Identities for Compact Objects in Relativistic Fluids
- Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California at Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校马尼·L·巴乌米克理论物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文为致密物体在无粘流体中的引力动力学建立流体有效场论，推导费曼规则和广义Ward恒等式，并用于恢复领头阶相对论动力学摩擦力，为后闵可夫斯基计算纳入环境效应奠定基础。
AI中文摘要：
我们为致密物体在无粘流体环境中运动的引力动力学发展了一种流体动力学有效场论。该流体由理想流体的有效理论描述，其Goldstone声子作为显式场与引力耦合。我们为由此产生的费曼规则建立了自洽的幂次计数，并在$D$维中推导了直到四点的传播子和相互作用顶点，以及它们所满足的广义在壳Ward恒等式。这些恒等式将含外部引力子的振幅与将引力子替换为声子的振幅联系起来，从而为高阶计算提供了非平凡的检验。作为应用，我们从单声子发射的树级振幅恢复了相对论动力学摩擦力的领头阶。这项工作是为将环境效应纳入后闵可夫斯基计算中使用的散射振幅流程而构建工具包的第一步。
英文摘要：
We develop a hydrodynamic effective field theory for the gravitational dynamics of compact objects moving through an inviscid fluid environment. The fluid is described by the effective theory of perfect fluids, whose Goldstone phonons are kept as explicit fields coupled to gravity. We establish a consistent power counting for the resulting Feynman rules and derive the propagators and interaction vertices through four points in $D$ dimensions, together with the generalized on-shell Ward identities they obey. These identities relate amplitudes with an external graviton to those with the graviton replaced by a phonon, and thus provide nontrivial checks on higher-order calculations. As an application, we recover the leading-order relativistic dynamical-friction force from the tree-level amplitude for single-phonon emission. This work is a first step towards a toolkit for incorporating environmental effects into the scattering-amplitude pipeline used in post-Minkowskian calculations.
