发表机构
Centro de Filosofia da Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学哲学中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文基于自然词项逻辑（NTL）重构斯多葛逻辑中的多重普遍性理论，论证其远超命题逻辑，并利用NTL变体形式化处理全称量化，以解决现有解释中的困难。
AI 中文摘要
本文提出了一种利用作者在\\(\cite{ntl}\\)中发展的自然词项逻辑（NTL）对斯多葛逻辑中多重普遍性理论的重构。与一种常见的误解相反，基于现有证据可以确凿地表明，斯多葛逻辑远不止是一种单纯的命题逻辑（我们进一步论证，即使将斯多葛条件句等同于任何类型的命题连接词也是误导性的）。其更一般、更复杂的逻辑理论——尤其是对多重普遍性的处理——实际上是模仿自然语言的逻辑-句法机制（受制于一种令人联想到波兰记号法的规整化）而构建的，而非现代弗雷格传统中基于变量的量词逻辑。NTL同样是一个无变量的形式框架，它捕捉了自然语言的核心句法和逻辑机制（尤其是涉及内涵性和回指结构的广泛特征），并将奎因在\\(\cite{quine}\\)中对谓词逻辑的重述作为一个特例包含在内。Bobzien和Shogry在\\(\cite{bobzienshogry}\\)中提供了大量证据和论证，表明斯多葛学派通过使用不定代词和涉及此类代词的回指结构对句法进行消歧规整化来处理量化条件句和多重普遍性。然而，关于全称量化的等价物究竟如何处理，存在一些明显的困难。鉴于上述考虑，本文基于NTL的一个变体，提出了对斯多葛多重普遍性逻辑的形式重构。
英文摘要
In this paper we propose a reconstruction of the theory of multiple generality in Stoic Logic using the Natural Term Logic (NTL) developped by the author in \cite{ntl}. Contrary to a frequent misconception, it can be shown conclusively, based on the available evidence, that Stoic logic was far more than a mere propositional logic (we further argue that even identifying the Stoic conditional with any type of propositional connective is misleading). Its more general and complex logical theory - and notable the treatment of multiple generality - were rather patterned after the logico-syntactic mechanisms of natural language (subject to a regimentation which recalls Polish notation) rather than the variable-based quantifier logic of the modern Fregean tradition. NTL is likewise is a variable-free formal framework which captures the core syntactic and logic mechanisms of natural language (and notably a large array of features involving intensionality and anaphoric constructions) and includes as a particular case Quine's reformulation of predicate logic in \cite{quine}. Bobzien and Shogry \cite{bobzienshogry} have presented abundant evidence and arguments for the case that quantified conditionals and multiple generality were treated by the Stoics through a disambiguifying regimentation of syntax using indefinite pronouns and anaphoric constructions involving such pronouns. There are however some patent difficulties involving how exactly the equivalent of universal quantification was treated. In this paper we propose, in light of the above considerations, a formal reconstruction of the Stoic logic of multiple generality based on a variant of NTL.
