发表机构
IRA, Medicina Radio Astronomical Station, INAF; IUSS - School for Advanced Studies; Department of Physics, University of Trento; Astronomical Observatory of Cagliari, INAF; Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta（意大利国家天体物理研究所梅迪纳射电天文台; 帕维亚高等研究学院; 特伦托大学物理系; 意大利国家天体物理研究所卡利亚里天文台; 马耳他大学空间科学与天文研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究比较了Heimdall检测流水线在离线和实时模式下处理射电数据的性能，验证了实时模式的可行性，为未来集成波束形成器奠定基础。
AI 中文摘要
当前射电望远镜的数据速率约为O(10)PB/年，我们预计未来射电望远镜（如SKA）的数据速率将增长一个数量级。应对这些数据流需要数据管理方式的范式转变：构建模块间具有密集I/O的流水线（离线模式）正变得不可持续，导致向实时范式的过渡，其中数据被移动到RAM中，例如通过PSRDADA环形缓冲区。我们的目标是获得一个紧凑的流水线，以在实时流中高效管理数据，同时最小化HPC资源。我们采用Heimdall，一个执行非相干色散消除的开源检测流水线，用于检测射电天文数据中的单脉冲，如快速射电暴（FRB），其起源尚未完全解释的天体物理信号。Heimdall目前处理单个GPU上的单波束，可以在离线和实时模式下运行，输入可以是SIGPROC滤波器组文件或PSRDADA环形缓冲区。我们使用从梅迪奇纳附近Northern Cross射电望远镜NS臂的16个圆柱体收集的数据运行测试流水线，分别在离线和实时模式下，以比较所得结果和性能。为证实这些测试，我们采用不同的输入数据并探索问题的参数空间。PSRDADA和SIGPROC结果在表征FRB的最重要量（到达时间和色散量）上通常一致在3%以内，信噪比在10%以内。PSRDADA模式下的执行时间在大多数包含真实FRB数据的运行中保持在实时流内，但在此测试平台设置中通常仍与SIGPROC模式相当。该测试在精度和性能方面提供了重要的初步比较：这项工作对于下一步将波束形成器与Heimdall流水线集成具有功能性和准备性，该集成具有与测试流水线相同的逻辑结构，工作已在进展中。
英文摘要
Data rates from current radio telescopes are of $\sim$O(10)PB/y and we expect a growth of an order of magnitude for future radio telescopes, e.g. SKA. Coping with these data flows requires a paradigm change in data management: building pipelines with intense I/O between their modules (offline mode) is becoming unsustainable, leading to a transition to a real-time paradigm, where data are moved to RAM, e.g.,through PSRDADA ring buffers. Our objective is to obtain a compact pipeline to efficiently manage data in the real-time flow, while minimizing HPC resources. We employ Heimdall, an open source detection pipeline that performs incoherent de-dispersion, to detect single pulses in radio astronomy data, such as FRBs, astrophysical signals whose origin has not been completely explained. Heimdall currently processes a single beam on a single GPU and can operate both in offline and real-time modes, reading in input either a SIGPROC filterbank file or a PSRDADA ring buffer. We run a test pipeline with data collected from 16 cylinders of the NS arm of the Northern Cross radio telescope near Medicina, both in offline and real-time modes, to compare the obtained results and performance. To corroborate these tests, we employ different input data and explore the problem's parameter space. PSRDADA and SIGPROC results generally agree within 3% for the most important quantities characterizing a FRB (TOA and DM) and within 10% for the SNR. Execution times in PSRDADA mode stay in the real-time flow for most runs from data containing true FRBs but they are still generally comparable with SIGPROC mode in this testbed setup. This test provides an important preliminary comparison in terms of accuracy and performance: this work is functional and preparatory for the next integration of the beamformer with the Heimdall pipeline, having the same logical structure as the test pipeline, work already in progress.
Comments14 pages, 5 figures, presented in conference "30th Annual IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Virtual Conference"
