协议引导的LLM智能体用于量子程序合成与执行
A Protocol-Guided LLM Agent for Quantum Program Synthesis and Execution
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究提出协议引导的LLM智能体工作流，通过YAML协议规范接口与量子语义，结合Qiskit生成、评估器修复及QPU部署，在240次试验中显著提升完成率并减少修复次数，验证了协议引导作为软件可靠性层的有效性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本研究评估了一种协议引导的大语言模型（LLM）智能体工作流，用于量子程序合成与执行。一个带版本号的YAML协议规定了接口和量子语义要求，而将电路设计留给模型。该工作流结合了Qiskit电路生成、评估器引导的修复以及量子处理单元（QPU）部署。一项匹配的消融研究评估了四个LLM端点，使用变分量子特征求解器（VQE）处理H$_2$分子、量子近似优化算法（QAOA）处理MaxCut问题，以及Fashion-MNIST量子核分类。在240次试验中，协议引导将评估器完成率从80.0%提高到99.2%，平均修复次数从2.56次减少到0.75次，平均智能体时间从55.70秒减少到30.58秒。四个端点中有三个的提供商报告的令牌使用量减少。达到化学精度的已完成VQE试验从16/40增加到29/40，而有效的QAOA近似比保持相当。语义审查识别出秩一保真度核，强化了评估器完成与语义有效性之间的区别。一项210次运行的IBM QPU研究评估了组合的生成与选择流水线，并确认了部署可行性。结果支持协议引导作为软件可靠性层，但必须辅以量子语义验证。
英文摘要
This study evaluates a protocol-guided large language model (LLM) agent workflow for quantum program synthesis and execution. A versioned YAML protocol specifies interface and quantum-semantic requirements while leaving circuit design to the model. The workflow combines Qiskit circuit generation, evaluator-guided repair, and quantum processing unit (QPU) deployment. A matched ablation evaluates four LLM endpoints using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) for H$_2$, the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for MaxCut, and Fashion-MNIST quantum-kernel classification. Across 240 trials, protocol guidance increased evaluator completion from 80.0\% to 99.2\%, reduced mean repairs from 2.56 to 0.75, and reduced mean agent time from 55.70 to 30.58~s. Provider-reported token use decreased for three of four endpoints. Completed VQE trials meeting chemical accuracy increased from 16/40 to 29/40, while valid QAOA approximation ratios remained comparable. Semantic review identified rank-one fidelity kernels, reinforcing the distinction between evaluator completion and semantic validity. A 210-run IBM QPU study evaluated the combined generation-and-selection pipelines and confirmed deployment feasibility. The results support protocol guidance as a software-reliability layer that must be complemented by quantum-semantic validation.
