发表机构
Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris; LIP6, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh（巴黎高等师范学院物理实验室，巴黎文理研究大学，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学，巴黎大学; LIP6实验室，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学; 爱丁堡大学信息学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究量化了量子验证协议中秘密依赖性的界限，并提出一种基于脉冲级量子控制的校准框架，以在NV色心系统中实现高保真且秘密无关的态制备，显著降低秘密依赖性并增强鲁棒性。
AI 中文摘要
验证协议为委托量子计算结果的正确性提供密码学保证，这是实现可扩展且可信的量子计算的关键要求。这些协议的一个核心假设是秘密无关性：影响态制备的噪声不得依赖于指定所制备态的经典秘密。在早期的协议中，这一假设通过客户端与服务器的物理分离来强制执行；而在近期的片上设置中，它成为硬件本身的一种属性，且高保真设备并不自动满足该属性。我们首先将这一要求定量化，推导出一个界限，表明残余的秘密依赖性如何限制该框架内任何可验证计算的规模。受此启发，我们引入一个校准框架，通过脉冲级量子控制强制执行秘密无关性，产生同时具有高保真度和秘密无关性的态制备。我们通过仿真评估其在氮-空位中心系统上的性能，表明与标准最优控制相比，它将制备的秘密依赖性降低了一个数量级以上，并且对实验中常见的失谐和驱动幅度误差具有鲁棒性。该框架完全在校准阶段运行，且与平台无关，为大规模可验证量子计算提供了一条实用途径。
英文摘要
Verification protocols provide cryptographic guarantees that the outcome of a delegated quantum computation is correct, a key requirement for scalable and trustworthy quantum computing. A central assumption underlying these protocols is secret independence: the noise affecting state preparation must not depend on the classical secrets that specify the prepared states. In earlier protocols this assumption was enforced by the physical separation of client and server; in the recent on-chip setting it becomes a property of the hardware itself, and one that high-fidelity devices do not automatically satisfy. We first make the requirement quantitative, deriving a bound that shows how residual secret dependence limits the size of any verifiable computation within this framework. Motivated by this, we introduce a calibration framework that enforces secret independence through pulse-level quantum control, producing state preparations that are simultaneously high-fidelity and secret-independent. We assess its performance on a nitrogen-vacancy centre system via emulation, showing that it reduces the secret dependence of the preparations by more than an order of magnitude compared to standard optimal control, and that it is robust against detuning and drive-amplitude errors commonly encountered in experiment. The framework operates entirely at the calibration stage and is platform-agnostic, offering a practical pathway towards verifiable quantum computing at scale.
