密集风车打包问题是强NP完全的
Dense Pinwheel Packing Is Strongly NP-Complete
- Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University(京都大学数学科学研究所)
- State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University(南京大学软件新技术国家重点实验室)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University(国立台湾大学电气工程学系)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
本文证明密集风车打包问题即使在一元编码下也是强NP完全的,通过从稀疏三部图三角形划分的直接归约实现。
AI中文摘要:
风车打包问题的一个实例是一个正整数列表$a_1,\ldots,a_k$。一个可行的调度为每个整数时间分配一个任务,使得每$a_i$个连续时间区间内包含任务$i$。当$\sum_i1/a_i=1$时,该实例称为密集的。我们证明,即使每个周期都以一元编码表示,且相等的周期被列为不同的任务,密集风车打包问题也是NP完全的。因此,通常的二进制编码问题是强NP完全的。Kleinberg和Mishra也证明了NP完全性,但他们的归约使用指数数值大小的周期,因此仅产生弱NP困难性。我们的证明使用了对稀疏三部图中三角形划分的直接归约。如果源图的三个部分各有$n$个顶点,则归约产生$O(n^4\log^3 n)$个显式列出的任务,每个任务的周期为$O(n^4\log^3 n)$;因此,其完整的一元编码长度为$O(n^8\log^6 n)$。
英文摘要:
An instance of {\sc Pinwheel Packing} is a list of positive integers $a_1,\ldots,a_k$. A feasible schedule assigns one task to every integer time so that every interval of $a_i$ consecutive times contains task $i$. The instance is \emph{dense} when $\sum_i1/a_i=1$. We prove that {\sc Dense Pinwheel Packing} is NP-complete even when every period is encoded in unary and equal periods are listed as distinct tasks. Consequently, the usual binary-encoded problem is strongly NP-complete. Kleinberg and Mishra also prove NP-completeness \cite[Corollary~5.1]{KleinbergMishra2026}, but their reduction uses periods of exponential numerical size and therefore yields only weak NP-hardness. Our proof uses a direct reduction from triangle partition in a sparse tripartite graph. If each of the three parts of the source graph has $n$ vertices, the reduction produces $O(n^4\log^3 n)$ explicitly listed tasks, each with period $O(n^4\log^3 n)$; consequently, its full unary encoding has length $O(n^8\log^6 n)$.