小红点：自相互作用暗物质辅助黑洞增长的瞬态阶段
Little Red Dots as a Transient Phase of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Assisted Black Hole Growth
- University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
提出小红点是自相互作用暗物质辅助黑洞增长的瞬态阶段，由气体流入触发SIDM吸积，解释其红连续谱、V形光谱及X射线微弱性，并预测其演化为普通AGN。
AI中文摘要：
詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST）发现的小红点（LRDs）揭示了一类在宇宙早期致密、红色的星系，其中寄主着快速增长的黑洞。它们致密的形态、宽发射线、微弱的X射线辐射以及独特的V形光谱能量分布表明，黑洞在致密核环境中经历了一个短寿命的增长阶段。在此，我们提出小红点源于星系组装过程中自相互作用暗物质（SIDM）辅助黑洞增长的瞬态阶段。在该情景中，气体流入首先形成一个致密的核厚盘，该盘改变了中心SIDM分布，并为吸积黑洞提供了遮蔽结构。一旦种子黑洞附近的SIDM密度得到充分增强，快速的SIDM吸积驱动黑洞质量大幅增加，从而启动瞬态的小红点阶段。由此产生的遮蔽增长阶段自然抑制了直接的短波长辐射，并重新分布了辐射场，产生了小红点的红色连续谱和V形光谱特征。该框架将气体流入、SIDM动力学和早期黑洞组装联系起来，预测小红点优先出现在经历强烈核流入的星系中，并在这一瞬态阶段后演化为普通的活动星系核（AGN）。与需要全球罕见暗物质晕历史、长期超爱丁顿气体增长或纯粹现象学遮蔽的模型不同，我们的模型将超大质量黑洞、X射线微弱性、光谱形状和有限占空比与单一的局部气体触发的SIDM事件联系起来。
英文摘要：
The discovery of Little Red Dots (LRDs) with JWST has revealed a population of compact, red galaxies hosting rapidly growing black holes at early cosmic times. Their compact morphologies, broad emission lines, weak X-ray emission, and distinctive V-shaped spectral energy distributions indicate a short-lived phase of black-hole growth within a dense nuclear environment. Here we propose that LRDs arise from a transient episode of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM)-assisted black-hole growth during galaxy assembly. In this scenario, gas inflows first establish a compact nuclear thick disk, which modifies the central SIDM distribution and provides the obscuring structure around the accreting black hole. Once the SIDM density near the seed black hole becomes sufficiently enhanced, rapid SIDM accretion drives a major increase in black-hole mass, initiating the transient LRD phase. The resulting obscured growth phase naturally suppresses direct short-wavelength emission and redistributes the radiation field, producing the red continuum and V-shaped spectral signatures of LRDs. This framework links gas inflow, SIDM dynamics, and early black-hole assembly, predicting that LRDs preferentially occur in galaxies undergoing strong nuclear inflow and evolve into ordinary AGN after this transient phase. Unlike models that require globally rare halo histories, long super-Eddington gas growth, or purely phenomenological obscuration, our model ties the overmassive black hole, X-ray weakness, spectral shape, and finite duty cycle to one local gas-triggered SIDM event.
