AI 中文总结
针对孤立BESS网络运行成本高的问题，提出两种基于离散时间PI+重置协议的分布式经济调度方案，通过边际成本一致性与平均功率失配估计实现最优功率分配，第二种方案显著提升收敛速度与适用性。
AI 中文摘要
电池储能系统（BESS）被广泛集成到智能电网中。然而，对于孤立的BESS网络，电池单元的容量退化和功率损耗会增加运行成本。为缓解这一问题，本文开发了两种具有离散时间动力学的分布式经济调度（ED）方案，从而在考虑动态线路损耗和容量约束的同时，获得最优输出功率向量并确保供需平衡。值得一提的是，这些方案中引入了具有重置机制的比例积分协议（PI+R协议），这可以极大地提高一致性速率和控制精度。具体而言，边际成本（MC）一致性控制器和平均功率失配估计器是每个方案的核心组成部分，且这两者相互耦合。在这方面，两种方案的区别在于，对于MC一致性控制器，一种方案将估计的平均功率失配反馈项纳入闭环系统误差以设计PI+R协议，而另一种方案则不这样做。此外，对于每个PI+R协议，当比例项经历零交叉时，积分项被重置为0，以加快收敛速度并减少超调。这些方案的有效性、重置机制起作用的条件以及稳定性都得到了充分分析。最后，设计了一些仿真案例，并与现有解决方案进行了比较。从仿真结果可以看出，所设计的第二种方案在一致性速率、收敛速度、BESS/智能体即插即用、负载切换以及广域系统应用方面，大大提高了先前方案的性能。
英文摘要
Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are widely integrated into smart grids. For an isolated BESS network, however, capacity degradation and power loss of battery units increase operating costs. To alleviate this problem, two distributed economic dispatch (ED) schemes with discrete-time dynamics are developed in this paper, thus obtaining the optimal output power vector and ensuring supply-demand balance while considering dynamic line loss and capacity constraints. It is worth mentioning that proportional-integral protocols with reset mechanisms (PI+R protocols) are introduced into these schemes which can greatly improve the consensus rate and control accuracy. Specifically, a marginal cost (MC) consensus controller and an average power mismatch estimator are the core components of each scheme, where these two are coupled to each other. In this regard, the difference between the two schemes is that for the MC consensus controllers, one involves incorporating the estimated average power mismatch feedback term into the closed-loop system error to design the PI+R protocol, while the other does not. In addition, regarding to each PI+R protocol, the integral term is reset to 0 when the proportional term experiences zero crossing, in order to accelerate the convergence rate and reduce overshoot. The effectiveness, conditions under which the reset mechanism works, and stability of these schemes are all well analyzed. Finally, some simulation cases are designed and compared with an existing solution. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the designed second scheme greatly improves the performance of the previous scheme in consensus rate, convergence rate, BESS/agent plug and play, load switching, and wide area system application.
DOI：10.1007/s12555-026-00099-2
