图中度数的散布
Spreads of degrees in graphs
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文研究图中度数的散布参数,证明了任意图的下界,并应用于极大外平面图,解决了 k=2 时的开放问题,给出了精确渐近结果。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
对于图 $G$ 和集合 $B\subseteq V(G)$,$B$ 的散布 $\mathrm{sp}(B)$ 是 $B$ 中顶点在 $G$ 中的最大度与最小度之差,对于整数 $k\geq0$,参数 $\mathrm{sp}(G,k)$ 是满足 $\mathrm{sp}(B)\leq k$ 的集合 $B$ 的最大基数。Caro、Lauri 和 Zarb 推导了 $\mathrm{sp}(G,k)$ 的一个下界,并在若干图族中考虑了 \\[ \mathrm{MOP}(n,k)=\min \{\mathrm{sp}(G,k):G\text{ 是阶为 }n\text{ 的极大外平面图}\} \\] 并确定了对于每个 $k\not =2$,$\mathrm{MOP}(n,k)$ 在加法常数意义下的值,留下了 $k=2$ 的情况未解决,其界为 $4n/9\leq \mathrm{MOP}(n,2)\leq (5n+19)/11$。我们首先证明对于任意图 $G$,$\mathrm{sp}(G,k)$ 的一个下界,该下界以 $G$ 的阶 $n$、边数 $m$ 和最小度 $\delta$ 表示。这个下界包含了 Caro、Lauri 和 Zarb 的界,并且对于 $k=0$,包含了 Caro 和 West 的界 $\mathrm{rep}(G)\geq \left\lceil n/(2d-2\delta +1)\right\rceil $,其中 $d=2m/n$。我们确定了这个下界何时达到,给出了达到它的显式图,并证明了当 $n\geq n_{0}(\delta,k,d)$ 时,它对所有图都是精确的。然后我们将该下界应用于极大外平面图:通过调整计数到该类图,我们证明了 \\[ \mathrm{MOP}(n,2)\geq \left\lceil \frac{4n+10}{9}\right\rceil \qquad \text{对于每个 }n\geq 14, \\] 当 $n\equiv 2\\ (\mathrm{mod}\\ 18)$ 时等号成立,并且对于每个 $n$,$\mathrm{MOP}(n,2)=4n/9+O(1)$。
英文摘要
For a graph $G$ and a set $B\subseteq V(G)$, the spread $\mathrm{sp}(B)$ of $B$ is the difference between the largest and the smallest degree in $G$ of a vertex of $B$, and for an integer $k\geq0$ the parameter $\mathrm{sp}(G,k)$ is the largest cardinality of a set $B$ with $\mathrm{sp}(B)\leq k$. Caro, Lauri and Zarb derived a lower bound for $\mathrm{sp}(G,k)$ and, among several families of graphs, considered \[ \mathrm{MOP}(n,k)=\min \{\mathrm{sp}(G,k):G\text{ is a maximal outerplanar graph of order }n\} \] and determined $\mathrm{MOP}(n,k)$ up to an additive constant for every $k\not =2,$ leaving the case $k=2$ open, with the bounds $4n/9\leq \mathrm{MOP}(n,2)\leq (5n+19)/11$. We first prove a lower bound on $\mathrm{sp}(G,k)$ for an arbitrary graph $G$ in terms of its order $n$, its number of edges $m$ and its minimum degree $δ$. This lower bound contains the bounds of Caro, Lauri and Zarb and, for $k=0$, the bound $\mathrm{rep}(G)\geq \left\lceil n/(2d-2δ+1)\right\rceil $ of Caro and West, where $d=2m/n$. We determine when this lower bound is attained, exhibit explicit graphs attaining it, and show that it is exact for all graphs once $n\geq n_{0}(δ,k,d)$. We then apply the bound to maximal outerplanar graphs: adjusting the count to this class we prove \[ \mathrm{MOP}(n,2)\geq \left\lceil \frac{4n+10}{9}\right\rceil \qquad \text{for every }n\geq 14, \] with equality for $n\equiv 2\ (\mathrm{mod}\ 18)$, and $\mathrm{MOP}(n,2)=4n/9+O(1)$ for every $n$.
发表机构
- University of Haifa-Oranim(海法奥拉尼姆大学)
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics(卢布尔雅那大学数学物理学院)
- Faculty of Information Studies, Novo Mesto(新梅斯托信息研究学院)
- Rudolfovo – Science and Technology Centre Novo Mesto(鲁道尔福沃–新梅斯托科学与技术中心)
- Department of Mathematics, University of Malta(马耳他大学数学系)
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