AI 中文总结
本文提出一种在机构配额下基于排序意愿的班次分配方法，以提议而非指派方式确保公平，并通过独立检查验证规则，适用于粒子物理等合作组排班。
AI 中文摘要
实验粒子物理合作组从数十个机构抽调成员，为其探测器提供全天候值守。现行做法是采用带有自主注册的信用系统：各机构欠有一定信用配额，人们在开放注册时选择他们想要的班次。本文描述了一种方法，在该方法中，班次改为在机构配额下根据排序意愿进行分配，结果以提议的形式发出，由每个人接受或拒绝，并且一个独立的检查者在任何内容发布之前重新计算每一条规则：该平台提议而非指派，并证明其遵守了规则。信用和配额模型继承自现行实践。围绕这一核心，本文增加了一条配额规则，该规则使不可分割的块对在一个时期内份额小于一个块的机构保持公平，以及四条使公平性在数量之外可见的规则：猫头鹰班、周末班和假日班的份额，在实验室时钟和机构自身时钟中显示的班次，对无法出行的机构可达的池，以及按余额排序的预订顺序。在一个由48个机构和256名合格成员组成的合成合作组中，该方法每期在两轮内分配72个班次中的70至72个，平均排名满意度为84%至95%，且没有违反任何规则；运行一年后，每个拥有4名或更多成员的机构累计份额误差在13%以内，而最小的机构（一个块在算术上会超出其份额）通过两两合并被纳入相同范围内。该方法被完整地陈述到足以重新实现；存在一个参考实现，并可在许可下提供给各合作组。它按现状适用于任何在机构配额下以班次块为单位为设施配备人员的科学合作组。
英文摘要
Experimental particle physics collaborations staff their detectors around the clock with members drawn from dozens of institutions. The established practice is a credit system with self-sign-up: institutions owe a quota of credit, and people take the seats they want when booking opens. This paper describes a method in which seats are instead allocated from ranked wishes under institutional quotas, the result is issued as offers that each person accepts or declines, and an independent checker recomputes every rule before anything is published: the platform proposes, never assigns, and proves that it kept the rules. The credit and quota model is inherited from current practice. Around that core the paper adds a quota rule that keeps indivisible blocks fair to institutions whose share of a period is smaller than one block, and four rules that make fairness visible beyond the count: shares of owl, weekend and holiday blocks, seats shown in the laboratory's clock and the institution's own, reachable pools for institutions that cannot travel, and booking order by balance. On a synthetic collaboration of 48 institutions and 256 eligible members, the method allocates 70 to 72 of 72 seats per period in two rounds, with a mean rank satisfaction of 84 to 95% and no rule broken; after a year of running every institution of four members or more is within 13% of its cumulative share, and the smallest institutions, which one block overshoots by arithmetic, are brought within the same range by pooling in pairs. The method is stated completely enough to be reimplemented; a reference implementation exists and is available to collaborations under license. It applies as it stands to any scientific collaboration that staffs a facility in blocks of shifts under institutional quotas.
Comments18 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables. v2: version submitted to JINST
