发表机构
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China; China Mobile (Suzhou) Software Technology Company Limited; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Marine Physical Instruments and Equipment (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronics, Ocean University of China（中国海洋大学物理与光电工程学院; 中国移动（苏州）软件技术有限公司; 中国海洋大学先进海工高技术装备教育部工程研究中心; 中国海洋大学青岛先进光电子学重点实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本工作实验认证了量子虚数性的非局域优势（NAQI），通过混合优化算法和偏振编码光子，观测到对虚数性不等式的违反，并揭示了NAQI、NAQC与贝尔非局域性之间的层级关系。
AI 中文摘要
量子虚数性是量子信息理论中的一种独特资源，然而其非局域性质尚未被充分探索。在此，我们报告了量子虚数性的非局域优势（NAQI）的实验研究，其中对一个子系统的局域测量可以将另一个子系统的条件态的平均虚数性引导到超越相应的经典界限。采用虚数性的$l_1$范数不等式作为实验上可访问的见证。我们开发了一种混合优化算法，该算法结合了遗传算法与序列二次规划，以避免局部最优并加速最优测量设置的搜索。利用偏振编码的光子量子比特，我们制备了两类两量子比特贝尔对角态，并实验表征了局域测量后条件态的虚数性。观察到了虚数性的$l_1$范数不等式的明显违反，提供了NAQI的实验认证。我们进一步基于各自的不等式准则研究了NAQI、量子相干性的非局域优势（NAQC）和贝尔非局域性之间的关系。对于本工作中考虑的两量子比特Werner态，违反各自准则的态区域满足$\mathcal{D}_{\rm NAQC}\subset\mathcal{D}_{\rm NAQI}\subset\mathcal{D}_{\rm BN}$。我们的工作提供了NAQI的实验实现，并在光子平台上比较了不同形式的量子非经典性。
英文摘要
Quantum imaginarity is a distinct resource in quantum information theory, yet its nonlocal properties have not been fully explored. Here, we report an experimental study of the nonlocal advantage of quantum imaginarity (NAQI), in which local measurements on one subsystem can steer the average imaginarity of the conditional states of the other subsystem beyond the corresponding classical bound. The $l_1$-norm of imaginarity inequality is adopted as an experimentally accessible witness. A hybrid optimization algorithm that combines a genetic algorithm with sequential quadratic programming is developed to avoid local optima and accelerate the search for optimal measurement settings. Using polarization-encoded photonic qubits, we prepare two classes of two-qubit Bell-diagonal states and experimentally characterize the imaginarity of the conditional states following local measurements. Clear violations of the $l_1$-norm of imaginarity inequality are observed, providing an experimental certification of NAQI. We further investigate the relationship among NAQI, the nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC), and Bell nonlocality based on their respective inequality criteria. For the two-qubit Werner states considered in this work, the regions of states that violate the respective criteria satisfy $\mathcal{D}_{\rm NAQC}\subset\mathcal{D}_{\rm NAQI}\subset\mathcal{D}_{\rm BN}$. Our work provides an experimental realization of NAQI and a comparison of different forms of quantum nonclassicality in a photonic platform.
Comments[10] pages, [6] figures. Accepted by Physical Review A. DOI: 10.1103/7jcn-yq29
Journal refPhys. Rev. A 114, 032439 (2026)
