发表机构
Theory Center , Jefferson Lab , Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述了QCD中高扭度效应的理论基础、唯象提取及在DIS等过程中的研究进展，并展望了未来实验机遇。
AI 中文摘要
深度非弹性散射（DIS）及相关硬散射过程中的高扭度效应为研究非微扰QCD动力学提供了独特窗口，编码了超越领头扭度部分子模型的夸克-胶子关联和多部分子相互作用。我们基于算子乘积展开，概述了QCD中高扭度的理论基础，并讨论了其在共振区与标度区过渡中与夸克-强子对偶性的密切联系。我们回顾了非极化和极化DIS中高扭度效应的唯象学，强调通过现代全局QCD分析从精确数据中提取这些效应，这些分析同时确定领头扭度部分子分布函数和高扭度贡献。最后，我们讨论了半包含和排他反应中高扭度研究的最新进展，并总结了在杰斐逊实验室和电子-离子对撞机上研究超越领头扭度QCD动力学的未来机遇，这些机遇有望加深我们对强子结构的理解。
英文摘要
Higher twists in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and related hard scattering processes provide a unique window on nonperturbative QCD dynamics, encoding quark-gluon correlations and multiparton interactions beyond the leading-twist parton model. We present an overview of the theoretical foundations of higher twists in QCD, based on the operator product expansion, and discuss their intimate connection with quark-hadron duality in the transition between the resonance and scaling regimes. We review the phenomenology of higher-twist effects in unpolarized and polarized DIS, emphasizing their extraction from precision data through modern global QCD analyses that simultaneously determine both leading-twist parton distribution functions and higher-twist contributions. Finally, we discuss recent developments in the study of higher twists in semi-inclusive and exclusive reactions, and conclude by highlighting future opportunities to study QCD dynamics beyond leading twist at Jefferson Lab and the Electron-Ion Collider that promise to deepen our understanding of hadron structure.
Comments27 pages, 18 figures, contribution to the Encyclopedia of Nuclear Physics
