一维系统中波包的能量分配
Energy partitioning of wave packets in one-dimensional systems
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文通过含时密度矩阵重整化群和Luttinger液体理论，研究一维临界费米子系统中波包的能量分配，发现其非普适且依赖波包宽度，并与场论预测定量吻合。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究了一维临界费米子系统中波包的非平衡动力学，并分析了由此产生的涌现激发之间的能量分配。从注入到多体基态之上的高斯波包出发，我们利用含时密度矩阵重整化群跟踪其实时演化。我们观察到，相互作用导致初始激发分裂为反向传播的左行和右行模式，其能量可以在实空间中分辨。为了解释这些结果，我们采用Luttinger液体理论，该理论使我们能够推导出涌现模式所携带能量的解析预测。我们发现，在低能区域，场论预测与数值模拟结果吻合良好。与完全由Luttinger液体参数决定的电荷分裂不同，我们表明能量分配是非普适的，依赖于注入波包的细节，例如其宽度。我们的结果为理解一维系统中的能量分配提供了实空间表征，并建立了非平衡数值模拟与有效场论描述之间的定量比较。
英文摘要
We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of wave packets in a one-dimensional critical fermionic system and analyze the resulting partitioning of energy between emergent excitations. Starting from a Gaussian wave packet injected on top of the many-body ground state, we follow its real-time evolution using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group. We observe that interactions lead to fractionalization of the initial excitation into counter-propagating left- and right-moving modes, whose energies can be resolved in real space. To interpret these results, we employ Luttinger liquid theory, which allows us to derive analytical predictions for the energy carried by the emergent modes. We find good agreement between field-theoretical predictions and numerical simulations in the low-energy regime. In contrast to charge fractionalization, which is completely determined by the Luttinger liquid parameter, we show that energy partitioning is non-universal and depends on details of the injected wave packet, such as its width. Our results provide a real-space characterization of energy partitioning in one-dimensional systems and establish a quantitative comparison between non-equilibrium numerical simulations and the effective field-theory description.
发表机构
- International Institute of Physics（国际物理研究所）
- Rheinland Pfälzische Technische Universität（莱茵兰-普法尔茨应用技术大学）
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