长寿命假真空束缚的自束缚富中子液滴
Long-Lived False-vacuum-Trapped Self-Bound Neutron-rich Droplets
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出一类新型反常核物质——假真空束缚的自束缚富中子液滴，通过机械平衡稳定在约10飞米尺度，具有长寿命和独特荷质比，为未来重离子碰撞实验提供清晰信号。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们提出了一类新型的反常核物质：在重离子碰撞中，与核液气相变相关的假真空中束缚的自束缚富中子液滴。在火球膨胀的早期阶段，强关联的局域团簇从体介质中动态解耦，并被激发到液相。随着周围火球的快速冷却，这些团簇被淬灭成具有同位旋不对称性的亚稳反常液滴，这种不对称性来源于周围环境的富中子化。核压力差、库仑排斥和表面张力之间的机械平衡使液滴稳定在约$\mathcal{O}(10)$飞米量级的半径。同位旋不对称性诱导出高势垒，抑制了衰变通道，从而产生长寿命。这些液滴预计会表现出与传统富中子核不同的特征荷质比，为未来的重离子碰撞搜索提供清晰的实验信号。
英文摘要
We propose a novel class of anomalous nuclear matter: self-bound, neutron-rich droplets trapped in false vacuum associated with the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition in heavy-ion collisions. During the early stage of the fireball expansion, strongly correlated local clusters dynamically decouple from the bulk medium and are excited into the liquid phase. As the ambient fireball cools rapidly, these clusters are quenched into metastable anomalous droplets with isospin asymmetry from ambient neutron-enrichment. Mechanical equilibrium among nuclear pressure difference, Coulomb repulsion, and surface tension stabilizes droplets at radii of order $\mathcal{O}(10)$ fm. Isospin asymmetry induces high potential barrier that suppresses decay channels, yielding long lifetimes. These droplets are expected to exhibit characteristic charge-to-mass ratios distinct from conventional neutron-rich nuclei, providing clear experimental signatures for future heavy-ion collision searches.
