电弱球：Weinberg-Salam 理论中的非拓扑孤子
Electroweak balls: non-topological solitons in the Weinberg-Salam theory
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文在 Weinberg-Salam 理论中构造了新型电弱球孤子，其机制类似 Q 球，包含电型和磁型解，具有有限频率区间、质量间隙和双分支结构，但未在标准模型实测参数下找到解。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们在玻色子 $SU(2)\ imes U(1)$ Weinberg-Salam 理论中构造了一类新的光滑、有限能量孤子，并将其命名为“电弱球”。其局域化机制在精神上与 Q 球类似：带电矢量场具有谐波时间依赖性，而能量-动量张量保持与时间无关。我们明确构造了球对称电型解和轴对称磁型解，并证明它们形成由有限频率区间、质量间隙和双分支结构刻画的族。这些构型提供了 Proca-Higgs 球的电弱对应物，其中矢量玻色子质量由 Higgs 机制产生，而非显式引入。该构造不依赖于标准模型的实测参数。更一般地，它适用于具有不同规范耦合、Higgs 自耦合和对称破缺尺度的玻色子电弱型扇区，因此可能具有非常不同的特征粒子与孤子质量尺度。对于所研究的族，我们未在实测标准模型耦合和质量比下找到解。
英文摘要
We construct a new class of smooth, finite-energy solitons in the bosonic $SU(2)\times U(1)$ Weinberg-Salam theory, which we dub $electroweak$ $balls$. Their localization mechanism is analogous in spirit to that of $Q$-balls: the charged vector fields possess a harmonic time dependence while the energy-momentum tensor remains time independent. We explicitly construct both spherically symmetric electric-type solutions and axisymmetric magnetic-type solutions, and show that they form families characterized by a finite frequency interval, a mass gap, and a two-branch structure. These configurations provide electroweak counterparts of Proca-Higgs balls, with the vector-boson masses generated by the Higgs mechanism rather than introduced explicitly. The construction is not tied to the measured parameters of the Standard Model. More generally, it applies to bosonic electroweak-type sectors with different gauge couplings, Higgs self-coupling and symmetry-breaking scale, and hence potentially very different characteristic particle and soliton mass scales. For the families studied here, we do not find solutions at the measured Standard Model couplings and mass ratios.
发表机构
- Universidade de Aveiro（阿威罗大学）
- Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA)（数学与应用开发研究中心）
- Universidade Federal do Pará（帕拉联邦大学）
- Universität Oldenburg（奥尔登堡大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
