开放量子临界系统中共形界面上的耗散普适抑制
Universal Suppression of Dissipation across Conformal Interface in Open Quantum Critical Systems
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究针对开放量子临界系统中共形界面处的耗散动力学，引入模式分辨弛豫系数，发现其普适依赖界面透射，与微观细节无关，实现普适表征。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
共形界面为研究一维量子临界系统中的普适透射现象提供了重要场景。虽然在封闭系统中，能量和信息穿过此类界面的透射由普适量表征，但共形界面在耗散动力学中的相应作用尚不明确。在本工作中，我们研究了具有共形界面的局部耗散量子临界链中的弛豫，并表明在单个弛豫模式层面出现了普适表征。我们首先表明，近期工作[1]中从Liouvillian能隙定义的弛豫系数对于某些边界条件可能变得非普适，因为决定最小衰减率的模式会随界面透射的变化而改变。为解决这一歧义，我们通过连续追踪同一Liouvillian快度模式作为界面透射的函数，引入了一个模式分辨的弛豫系数$c_{\ m relax}$。利用临界谐振链和临界自由费米子链的解析和数值计算，我们发现，在弱耗散区域，$c_{\ m relax}$在所有考虑的情况下都遵循对界面透射的相同普适依赖，与微观细节（如边界条件、耗散强度和局部耗散的位置）无关。对于边界耗散，即使在有限耗散强度下，这种普适行为也持续存在。我们的结果确立了开放量子临界系统中跨共形界面的弛豫的普适模式分辨表征。
英文摘要
Conformal interfaces provide an important setting for studying universal transmission phenomena in one-dimensional quantum critical systems. While energy and information transmission across such interfaces are characterized by universal quantities in closed systems, the corresponding role of conformal interfaces in dissipative dynamics is less understood. In this work, we study relaxation in locally dissipative quantum critical chains with a conformal interface and show that a universal characterization emerges at the level of individual relaxation modes. We first show that the relaxation coefficient defined in the recent work [1] from the Liouvillian gap can become non-universal for certain boundary conditions because the mode determining the smallest decay rate can change as the interface transmission is varied. To resolve this ambiguity, we introduce a mode-resolved relaxation coefficient $c_{\rm relax}$ by continuously tracking the same Liouvillian rapidity mode as a function of the interface transmission. Using analytical and numerical calculations for a critical harmonic chain and a critical free-fermion chain, we find that, in the weak-dissipation regime, $c_{\rm relax}$ follows the same universal dependence on the interface transmission in all cases considered, independent of microscopic details such as the boundary conditions, dissipation strength, and location of the local dissipation. For boundary dissipation, this universal behavior persists even at finite dissipation strength. Our results establish a universal mode-resolved characterization of relaxation across conformal interfaces in open quantum critical systems.
发表机构
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院物理学院）
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