arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2609.19250quant-ph

达到自同构门的极限

Achieving the limits of automorphism gates

Jin Ming Koh, Shayan Majidy, Aranya Chakraborty, Anqi Gong, Shi Jie Samuel Tan, Norman Y. Yao

首次发表
浏览论文内容

中文总结 AI 辅助

本文发展了一般理论,刻画稳定子码上自同构门可达到的最大逻辑群,证明其由可寻址S和CX门生成,并给出达到该群所需的物理量子比特数下界,揭示了代价分界线在对角门与CX型门之间。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

通用容错量子计算将通用但昂贵的操作与专门但廉价的操作相结合。其效率取决于有多少计算可以被推给廉价操作,以及实现这一点所需的码的大小。自同构门仅使用物理单量子比特 Clifford 门和量子比特置换就提供了这种廉价操作。然而,尚无一般理论刻画它们的最大逻辑能力或达到该能力所需的最小码大小。我们发展了这样的理论。对于编码 $k\geq3$ 个逻辑量子比特的稳定子码,我们证明了自同构可达到的最大逻辑群由所有可寻址的 $S$ 和 $\mathrm{CX}$ 门生成,并构造了达到该群的码。虽然该群包含的门数比完整 Clifford 群指数级少,但添加一个合适的非 Clifford 门即可实现普适性。我们进一步分类了在一般稳定子码和 CSS 码上,仅使用量子比特置换、物理单量子比特 Clifford 门或两者结合时可达到的最大逻辑群,并为自对偶 CSS 子类推导了精细的界。通过自同构达到最大尺寸的逻辑群需要 $n=\Theta(2^k)$ 个物理量子比特。相比之下,由 $S$ 和 $\mathrm{CZ}$ 生成的所有可寻址对角 Clifford 门,当仅使用物理单量子比特 Clifford 门实现时,只需要 $n=\Theta(k^2)$ 个物理量子比特。两个界都是紧的。这种多项式量子比特代价从 Clifford 门扩展到 Clifford 层级任何固定层级的所有可寻址对角门,使用物理单量子比特对角门。因此,对于完全可寻址性,最尖锐的物理量子比特代价分界线位于对角门和 $\mathrm{CX}$ 型门之间,而不是 Clifford 门和非 Clifford 门之间。

英文摘要

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computing combines versatile but expensive operations with specialized but cheap ones. Its efficiency depends on how much computation can be pushed onto the cheap operations and on the size of the code needed to do so. Automorphism gates provide such cheap operations using only physical single-qubit Clifford gates and qubit permutations. Yet no general theory characterizes their maximum logical power or the minimum code size needed to attain it. We develop such a theory. For stabilizer codes encoding $k\geq3$ logical qubits, we show that the largest logical group attainable by automorphisms is generated by all addressable $S$ and $\mathrm{CX}$ gates, and we construct codes attaining it. While this group contains exponentially fewer gates than the full Clifford group, adding one suitable non-Clifford gate yields universality. We further classify the largest logical groups attainable using qubit permutations, physical single-qubit Cliffords, or both across general stabilizer and CSS codes, and derive refined bounds for self-dual CSS subclasses. Achieving the maximum-size logical group through automorphisms requires $n=Θ(2^k)$ physical qubits. By contrast, all addressable diagonal Clifford gates, generated by $S$ and $\mathrm{CZ}$, require only $n=Θ(k^2)$ physical qubits when implemented using physical single-qubit Cliffords alone. Both bounds are tight. This polynomial qubit cost extends beyond Cliffords to all addressable diagonal gates at any fixed level of the Clifford hierarchy, using physical single-qubit diagonal gates. Thus, for full addressability, the sharpest physical-qubit cost divide lies between diagonal and $\mathrm{CX}$-type gates, not between Clifford and non-Clifford gates.

发表机构

  • Harvard University(哈佛大学)
  • Harvard–MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms(哈佛-麻省理工学院超冷原子中心)
  • University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学帕克分校)
  • ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

补充信息

↑